Bhansali A, Dhandania V K, Deepa M, Anjana R M, Joshi S R, Joshi P P, Madhu S V, Rao P V, Subashini R, Sudha V, Unnikrishnan R, Das A K, Shukla D K, Kaur T, Mohan V, Pradeepa R
Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Diabetes Care Center, Department of Diabetology, Ranchi, India.
J Hum Hypertens. 2015 Mar;29(3):204-9. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2014.57. Epub 2014 Jul 31.
The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and its risk factors in urban and rural India. In Phase I of the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study, individuals aged ⩾20 years were surveyed using a stratified multistage sampling design, in three states (Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Jharkhand) and one union territory (Chandigarh) of India. Blood pressure was measured in all study subjects (n=14 059). HTN was defined as systolic blood pressure ⩾140 mm Hg, and/or DBP ⩾90 mm Hg and/or use of antihypertensive drugs. Overall age-standardized prevalence of HTN was 26.3% (self-reported: 5.5%; newly detected: 20.8%). Urban residents of Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand, Chandigarh and Maharashtra (31.5, 28.9, 30.7 and 28.1%) had significantly higher prevalence of HTN compared with rural residents (26.2, 21.7, 19.8 and 24.0%, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis showed that age, male gender, urban residence, generalized obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with HTN. Salt intake ⩾6.5 g per day, showed significantly higher risk for HTN (odds ratio: 1.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.0-1.9, P=0.042) even after adjusting for confounding variables. In conclusion, prevalence of undiagnosed HTN is high in India and this calls for regular screening.
该研究的目的是确定印度城乡地区高血压（HTN）的患病率及其危险因素。在印度医学研究理事会 - 印度糖尿病（ICMR - INDIAB）研究的第一阶段，采用分层多阶段抽样设计，对印度三个邦（泰米尔纳德邦、马哈拉施特拉邦和贾坎德邦）和一个联邦属地（昌迪加尔）年龄≥20岁的个体进行了调查。对所有研究对象（n = 14059）测量了血压。高血压定义为收缩压≥140 mmHg，和/或舒张压≥90 mmHg，和/或使用抗高血压药物。高血压的总体年龄标准化患病率为26.3%（自我报告：5.5%；新检测出：20.8%）。泰米尔纳德邦、贾坎德邦、昌迪加尔和马哈拉施特拉邦的城市居民（分别为31.5%、28.9%、30.7%和28.1%）的高血压患病率显著高于农村居民（分别为26.2%、21.7%、19.8%和24.0%）。多变量回归分析表明，年龄、男性、城市居住、全身性肥胖、糖尿病、身体活动不足和饮酒与高血压显著相关。即使在调整混杂变量后，每天盐摄入量≥6.5克显示出患高血压的风险显著更高（优势比：1.4，95%置信区间：1.0 - 1.9，P = 0.042）。总之，印度未诊断高血压的患病率很高，这需要进行定期筛查。
