Turner James E, Brum Patricia C
Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65 - Cidade Universitária, 05508-030 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:4234765. doi: 10.1155/2017/4234765. Epub 2017 Jul 2.
Moderate intensity aerobic exercise training or regular physical activity is beneficial for immune function. For example, some evidence shows that individuals with an active lifestyle exhibit stronger immune responses to vaccination compared to those who are inactive. Encouragingly, poor vaccine responses, which are characteristic of an ageing immune system, can be improved by single or repeated bouts of exercise. In addition, exercise-induced lymphocytosis, and the subsequent lymphocytopenia, is thought to facilitate immune surveillance, whereby lymphocytes search tissues for antigens derived from viruses, bacteria, or malignant transformation. Aerobic exercise training is anti-inflammatory and is linked to lower morbidity and mortality from diseases with infectious, immunological, and inflammatory aetiologies, including cancer. These observations have led to the view that aerobic exercise training might counter the age-associated decline in immune function, referred to as immunosenescence. This article summarises the aspects of immune function that are sensitive to exercise-induced change, highlighting the observations which have stimulated the idea that aerobic exercise training could prevent, limit, or delay immunosenescence, perhaps even restoring aged immune profiles. These potential exercise-induced anti-immunosenescence effects might contribute to the mechanisms by which active lifestyles reduce the risk of developing cancer and perhaps benefit patients undergoing cancer therapy.
中等强度有氧运动训练或规律的体育活动对免疫功能有益。例如，一些证据表明，与不运动的人相比，生活方式积极的个体对疫苗接种表现出更强的免疫反应。令人鼓舞的是，衰老免疫系统所特有的不良疫苗反应可以通过单次或重复的运动来改善。此外，运动诱导的淋巴细胞增多以及随后的淋巴细胞减少，被认为有助于免疫监视，即淋巴细胞在组织中寻找来自病毒、细菌或恶性转化的抗原。有氧运动训练具有抗炎作用，并且与包括癌症在内的具有感染性、免疫性和炎症性病因的疾病的较低发病率和死亡率相关。这些观察结果导致了这样一种观点，即有氧运动训练可能对抗与年龄相关的免疫功能下降，即免疫衰老。本文总结了对运动诱导变化敏感的免疫功能方面，强调了那些激发了有氧运动训练可以预防、限制或延缓免疫衰老，甚至可能恢复衰老免疫状态这一观点的观察结果。这些潜在的运动诱导的抗免疫衰老作用可能有助于解释积极的生活方式降低患癌风险以及可能使癌症治疗患者受益的机制。
