Allsopp Giselle Larissa, Addinsall Alex Bernard, Stephenson Garth, Basheer Faiza, Gatta Paul Adrian Della, Hoffmann Samantha May, Russell Aaron Paul, Wright Craig Robert
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024 May 2;16(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s13102-024-00890-w.
Older adults experience chronic dysregulation of leukocytes and inflammatory cytokines, both at rest and in response to resistance training. Systemic hypoxia modulates leukocytes and cytokines, therefore this study characterized the effects of normobaric hypoxia on the leukocyte and cytokine responses of older adults to resistance training.
20 adults aged 60-70 years performed eight weeks of moderate-intensity resistance training in either normoxia or normobaric hypoxia (14.4% O), consisting of two lower body and two upper body exercises. Venous blood was drawn before and after the training intervention and flow cytometry was used to quantify resting neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils, in addition to the subsets of lymphocytes (T, B and natural killer (NK) cells). Inflammatory cytokines were also quantified; interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Acute changes in leukocytes and cytokines were also measured in the 24 h following the last training session.
After the intervention there was a greater concentration of resting white blood cells (p = 0.03; 20.3% higher) T cells (p = 0.008; 25.4% higher), B cells (p = 0.004; 32.6% higher), NK cells (p = 0.012; 43.9% higher) and eosinophils (p = 0.025; 30.8% higher) in hypoxia compared to normoxia, though the cytokines were unchanged. No acute effect of hypoxia was detected in the 24 h following the last training session for any leukocyte population or inflammatory cytokine (p < 0.05).
Hypoxic training caused higher concentrations of resting lymphocytes and eosinophils, when compared to normoxic training. Hypoxia may have an additional beneficial effect on the immunological status of older adults.
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR).
ACTRN12623001046695. Registered 27/9/2023. Retrospectively registered. All protocols adhere to the COSORT guidelines.
老年人在静息状态以及对阻力训练产生反应时，白细胞和炎性细胞因子均会出现慢性失调。全身性低氧会调节白细胞和细胞因子，因此本研究对常压低氧对老年人白细胞及细胞因子对阻力训练反应的影响进行了特征描述。
20名年龄在60至70岁的成年人在常氧或常压低氧（氧含量14.4%）环境下进行了为期八周的中等强度阻力训练，训练包括两项下肢练习和两项上肢练习。在训练干预前后采集静脉血，采用流式细胞术对静息状态下的中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞进行定量分析，同时也对淋巴细胞亚群（T细胞、B细胞和自然杀伤（NK）细胞）进行定量分析。还对炎性细胞因子进行了定量分析；包括白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）。在最后一次训练课程后的24小时内，还对白细胞和细胞因子的急性变化进行了测量。
干预后，与常氧环境相比，低氧环境下静息白细胞（p = 0.03；升高20.3%）、T细胞（p = 0.008；升高25.4%）、B细胞（p = 0.004；升高32.6%）、NK细胞（p = 0.012；升高43.9%）和嗜酸性粒细胞（p = 0.025；升高30.8%）的浓度更高，不过细胞因子没有变化。在最后一次训练课程后的24小时内，未检测到低氧对任何白细胞群体或炎性细胞因子有急性影响（p < 0.05）。
与常氧训练相比，低氧训练导致静息淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞浓度更高。低氧可能对老年人的免疫状态有额外的有益影响。
澳大利亚和新西兰临床试验注册中心（ANZCTR）。
ACTRN12623001046695。于2023年9月27日注册。回顾性注册。所有方案均遵循CONSORT指南。
