Albuquerque José George F, Assis Valéria L, Almeida Arthur J P O, Basílio Ionaldo J L D, Luciano Melissa N, Meireles Bruno R L A, Cordeiro Ângela M T M, Araújo Islânia G A, Veras Robson C, Ribeiro Thaís P, Medeiros Isac A
Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos-IPeFarM - Campus I. Cidade Universitária, CEP 58051-970, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC - Campus Araranguá. Jardim das Avenidas, CEP 88906-072, Araranguá, SC, Brazil.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Jul 28;17(1):376. doi: 10.1186/s12906-017-1881-2.
In northeastern Brazil, grape pomace has become a potential alternative byproduct because of the recover phenolic compounds from the vinification process. Comparative analyses were performed between lyophilized extract of grape skins from pomace, described as fermented (FGS), and fresh, unfermented (UGS) grape skins to show the relevant brand's composition upon the first maceration in winemaking.
The use of in vitro testing such as Folin-Ciocalteu's, DPPH free radical scavenger and HPLC methods were performed to evidence antioxidant effect and phenolic compounds. Additionally, vascular reactivity studies were performed in third-order branches of rat superior mesenteric arteries, which were obtained and placed in organ baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution, maintained at 37 °C, gassed with a mixture of 95% O and 5% CO, and maintained at pH 7.4. The in situ formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated in small mesenteric rings using oxidative fluorescent dihydroethidium dye.
We found higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity in FGS when compared to UGS. HPLC analyses identified a significant number of phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential in both samples. The vasorelaxant effect induced by FGS was more potent than that induced by UGS, and the activity was attenuated after removal of vascular endothelium or by blockade of endothelium-derived relaxing factors, such as NO and EDHF.
The FGS extract may be a great source of natural polyphenol products with potent antioxidant effects and endothelium-dependent vasodilatory actions involving NO and EDHF pathways.
在巴西东北部，由于能够从葡萄酒酿造过程中回收酚类化合物，葡萄皮渣已成为一种潜在的替代性副产品。对葡萄皮渣中冻干的葡萄皮提取物（称为发酵葡萄皮渣，FGS）和新鲜的未发酵葡萄皮（UGS）进行了比较分析，以展示葡萄酒酿造首次浸渍时相关品牌的成分。
采用体外测试方法，如福林-西奥尔特法、DPPH自由基清除剂法和高效液相色谱法，以证明抗氧化作用和酚类化合物。此外，在大鼠肠系膜上动脉的三级分支中进行血管反应性研究，这些分支被获取并置于含有克雷布斯-亨塞尔特溶液的器官浴中，保持在37°C，用95% O和5% CO的混合气体通气，并保持在pH 7.4。使用氧化荧光二氢乙锭染料评估小肠系膜环中原位活性氧（ROS）的形成。
我们发现，与UGS相比，FGS中的酚类含量和抗氧化活性更高。高效液相色谱分析在两个样品中都鉴定出大量具有抗氧化潜力的酚类化合物。FGS诱导的血管舒张作用比UGS诱导的更强，并且在去除血管内皮或阻断内皮源性舒张因子（如NO和EDHF）后，该活性减弱。
FGS提取物可能是天然多酚产品的重要来源，具有强大的抗氧化作用以及涉及NO和EDHF途径的内皮依赖性血管舒张作用。
