Banks John E, Vargas Roger I, Ackleh Azmy S, Stark John D
Undergraduate Research Opportunities Center, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA.
Daniel K. Inouye, U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 64 Nowelo St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
Insects. 2017 Jul 29;8(3):78. doi: 10.3390/insects8030078.
Tephritid fruit flies are economically important orchard pests globally. While much effort has focused on controlling individual species with a combination of pesticides and biological control, less attention has been paid to managing assemblages of species. Although several tephritid species may co-occur in orchards/cultivated areas, especially in mixed-cropping schemes, their responses to pesticides may be highly variable. Furthermore, predictive efforts about toxicant effects are generally based on acute toxicity, with little or no regard to long-term population effects. Using a simple matrix model parameterized with life history data, we quantified the responses of several tephritid species to the sublethal effects of a toxicant acting on fecundity. Using a critical threshold to determine levels of fecundity reduction below which species are driven to local extinction, we determined that threshold levels vary widely for the three tephritid species. In particular, was the most robust of the three species, followed by , and then , suggesting individual species responses should be taken into account when planning for area-wide pest control. The rank-order of susceptibility contrasts with results from several field/lab studies testing the same species, suggesting that considering a combination of life history traits and individual species susceptibility is necessary for understanding population responses of species assemblages to toxicant exposure.
实蝇科果蝇是全球具有重要经济意义的果园害虫。虽然人们付出了很多努力，通过农药和生物防治相结合的方式来控制单个物种，但对物种组合的管理关注较少。尽管几种实蝇科物种可能在果园/种植区同时出现，尤其是在混作模式下，但它们对农药的反应可能差异很大。此外，关于毒物效应的预测工作通常基于急性毒性，很少或根本不考虑对种群的长期影响。我们使用一个用生活史数据参数化的简单矩阵模型，量化了几种实蝇科物种对一种作用于繁殖力的毒物亚致死效应的反应。使用一个临界阈值来确定繁殖力降低的水平，低于该水平物种将被驱赶到当地灭绝，我们确定这三种实蝇科物种的阈值水平差异很大。特别是，[此处原文缺失具体物种名]是这三个物种中最具抗性的，其次是[此处原文缺失具体物种名]，然后是[此处原文缺失具体物种名]，这表明在规划区域害虫控制时应考虑单个物种的反应。敏感性的排序与对相同物种进行测试的几项田间/实验室研究的结果形成对比，这表明考虑生活史特征和单个物种敏感性的组合对于理解物种组合对毒物暴露的种群反应是必要的。
