Edgar Lauren, McNamara Kyle, Wong Theresa, Tamburrini Riccardo, Katari Ravi, Orlando Giuseppe
Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
Materials (Basel). 2016 May 3;9(5):332. doi: 10.3390/ma9050332.
Tissue engineering (TE) offers a potential solution for the shortage of transplantable organs and the need for novel methods of tissue repair. Methods of TE have advanced significantly in recent years, but there are challenges to using engineered tissues and organs including but not limited to: biocompatibility, immunogenicity, biodegradation, and toxicity. Analysis of biomaterials used as scaffolds may, however, elucidate how TE can be enhanced. Ideally, biomaterials should closely mimic the characteristics of desired organ, their function and their environments. A review of biomaterials used in TE highlighted natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and decellularized organs as sources of scaffolding. Studies of discarded organs supported that decellularization offers a remedy to reducing waste of donor organs, but does not yet provide an effective solution to organ demand because it has shown varied success depending on organ complexity and physiological requirements. Review of polymer-based scaffolds revealed that a composite scaffold formed by copolymerization is more effective than single polymer scaffolds because it allows copolymers to offset disadvantages a single polymer may possess. Selection of biomaterials for use in TE is essential for transplant success. There is not, however, a singular biomaterial that is universally optimal.
组织工程学（TE）为可移植器官短缺以及新型组织修复方法的需求提供了一种潜在的解决方案。近年来，组织工程学方法取得了显著进展，但使用工程化组织和器官仍存在挑战，包括但不限于生物相容性、免疫原性、生物降解性和毒性。然而，对用作支架的生物材料进行分析可能会阐明如何增强组织工程学效果。理想情况下，生物材料应紧密模拟所需器官的特征、功能及其环境。一篇关于组织工程学中使用的生物材料的综述强调了天然聚合物、合成聚合物和脱细胞器官作为支架材料的来源。对废弃器官的研究表明，脱细胞处理为减少供体器官浪费提供了一种补救方法，但尚未为器官需求提供有效的解决方案，因为其成功率因器官复杂性和生理需求而异。对基于聚合物的支架的综述表明，通过共聚形成的复合支架比单一聚合物支架更有效，因为它允许共聚物弥补单一聚合物可能存在的缺点。选择用于组织工程学的生物材料对于移植成功至关重要。然而，并不存在一种普遍最优的单一生物材料。
