Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore.
Biomater Sci. 2018 Oct 24;6(11):2798-2811. doi: 10.1039/c8bm00772a.
In orthopaedic surgery, the reconstruction of musculoskeletal defects is a constant challenge. Biomaterials in tissue engineering are utilized as scaffolds which serve as templates for cell proliferation and secretion as well as guides for new tissue formation. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a desirable biological scaffold due to its complex composition and three-dimensional ultrastructure, which drive the homeostasis and regeneration of tissues. Successfully used in a variety of regenerative medicine applications, ECM scaffolds can be achieved by decellularization of engineered tissue. In addition to using decellularized grafts directly as scaffolds, decellularized grafts can also be coated on or incorporated into synthetic biomaterials to substantially enhance their biological performance regarding integration into the surrounding tissue and bioactivity for neo-tissue generation. However, at present, the most widely adopted decellularized scaffolds are decellularized native scaffolds, which have the limitations of inherent heterogeneity, fixed shapes and insufficient sources. Decellularized tissue-engineered scaffolds are promising to avoid these restrictions and are receiving attention in the regenerative medicine field. This review describes the rationale of using decellularized tissue-engineered grafts for different regenerative purposes and details their application in the repair of orthopaedic defects.
在矫形外科中，重建肌肉骨骼缺损是一个持续的挑战。组织工程中的生物材料被用作支架，作为细胞增殖和分泌的模板，以及新组织形成的指南。细胞外基质（ECM）是一种理想的生物支架，因为它具有复杂的组成和三维超微结构，可驱动组织的动态平衡和再生。细胞外基质（ECM）已成功应用于多种再生医学应用中，可通过工程组织的脱细胞化来实现 ECM 支架。除了直接将脱细胞移植物用作支架外，还可以将脱细胞移植物涂覆或纳入合成生物材料上，以大大提高其生物性能，使其更能与周围组织整合，并能促进新组织生成的生物活性。然而，目前应用最广泛的脱细胞支架是脱细胞天然支架，它们存在固有异质性、固定形状和来源不足的局限性。脱细胞组织工程支架有望避免这些限制，在再生医学领域受到关注。本综述介绍了使用脱细胞组织工程移植物用于不同再生目的的基本原理，并详细介绍了它们在修复骨科缺陷中的应用。
