Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032.
Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2018 Jun 1;8(6):a031666. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031666.
Like many other organs, bone can act as an endocrine organ through the secretion of bone-specific hormones or "osteokines." At least two osteokines are implicated in the control of glucose and energy metabolism: osteocalcin (OCN) and lipocalin-2 (LCN2). OCN stimulates the production and secretion of insulin by the pancreatic β-cells, but also favors adaptation to exercise by stimulating glucose and fatty acid (FA) utilization by the muscle. Both of these OCN functions are mediated by the G-protein-coupled receptor GPRC6A. In contrast, LCN2 influences energy metabolism by activating appetite-suppressing signaling in the brain. This action of LCN2 occurs through its binding to the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and ventromedial neurons of the hypothalamus.
与许多其他器官一样，骨骼可以通过分泌特定于骨骼的激素或“骨因子”来充当内分泌器官。至少有两种骨因子参与了葡萄糖和能量代谢的控制：骨钙素（OCN）和脂钙素 2（LCN2）。OCN 刺激胰岛 β 细胞产生和分泌胰岛素，但也通过刺激肌肉利用葡萄糖和脂肪酸（FA）来促进对运动的适应。OCN 的这两种功能均由 G 蛋白偶联受体 GPRC6A 介导。相比之下，LCN2 通过激活下丘脑室旁核（PVN）和下丘脑腹内侧神经元中的食欲抑制信号来影响能量代谢。LCN2 的这种作用是通过其与下丘脑室旁核和下丘脑腹内侧神经元中的黑皮质素 4 受体（MC4R）结合来实现的。
