Departments of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2013 Mar;27(1):262-7. doi: 10.1037/a0031579.
Elucidating interrelations between prior affective experience, current affective state, and acute urge to smoke could inform affective models of addiction motivation and smoking cessation treatment development. This study tested the hypothesis that prior levels of positive (PA) and negative (NA) affect predict current smoking urge via a mediational pathway involving current state affect. We also explored if tobacco deprivation moderated affect-urge relations and compared the effects of PA and NA on smoking urge to one another. At a baseline session, smokers reported affect experienced over the preceding few weeks. At a subsequent experimental session, participants were randomly assigned to 12-hr tobacco deprived (n = 51) or nondeprived (n = 69) conditions and reported state affect and current urge. Results revealed a mediational pathway whereby prior NA reported at baseline predicted state NA at the experimental session, which in turn predicted current urge. This mediational pathway was found primarily for an urge subtype indicative of urgent need to smoke and desire to smoke for NA relief, was stronger in the deprived (vs. nondeprived) condition, and remained significant after controlling for PA. Prior PA and current state PA were inversely associated with current urge; however, these associations were eliminated after controlling for NA. These results cohere with negative reinforcement models of addiction and with prior research and suggest that: (a) NA plays a stronger role in smoking motivation than PA; (b) state affect is an important mechanism linking prior affective experience to current urge; and (c) affect management interventions may attenuate smoking urge in individuals with a history of affective disturbance.
阐明先前的情感体验、当前的情感状态和吸烟的急性冲动之间的相互关系，可以为成瘾动机的情感模型和戒烟治疗的发展提供信息。本研究检验了以下假设：先前的积极情感（PA）和消极情感（NA）水平通过当前状态情感的中介途径预测当前吸烟冲动。我们还探讨了烟草剥夺是否调节了情感冲动的关系，并比较了 PA 和 NA 对吸烟冲动的影响。在基线会议上，吸烟者报告了过去几周经历的情感。在随后的实验会议上，参与者被随机分配到 12 小时的烟草剥夺（n = 51）或非剥夺（n = 69）条件，并报告了状态情感和当前冲动。结果显示，先前在基线时报告的 NA 预测了实验会议时的状态 NA，而状态 NA 又预测了当前冲动。这种中介途径主要适用于一种冲动亚型，表明有强烈的吸烟需求和为缓解 NA 而吸烟的欲望，在剥夺（vs.非剥夺）条件下更强，并且在控制了 PA 后仍然显著。先前的 PA 和当前的状态 PA 与当前的冲动呈负相关；然而，在控制了 NA 后，这些关联就消失了。这些结果与成瘾的负强化模型以及先前的研究一致，并表明：（a）NA 在吸烟动机中比 PA 发挥更强的作用；（b）状态情感是将先前的情感体验与当前冲动联系起来的重要机制；（c）情感管理干预可能会减轻有情感障碍史的个体的吸烟冲动。
