Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China.
Microbiome. 2017 Aug 7;5(1):90. doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0308-0.
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a vulnerable mammal herbivore living wild in central China. Viral infections have become a potential threat to the health of these endangered animals, but limited information related to these infections is available.
Using a viral metagenomic approach, we surveyed viruses in the feces, nasopharyngeal secretions, blood, and different tissues from a wild giant panda that died from an unknown disease, a healthy wild giant panda, and 46 healthy captive animals.
The previously uncharacterized complete or near complete genomes of four viruses from three genera in Papillomaviridae family, six viruses in a proposed new Picornaviridae genus (Aimelvirus), two unclassified viruses related to posaviruses in Picornavirales order, 19 anelloviruses in four different clades of Anelloviridae family, four putative circoviruses, and 15 viruses belonging to the recently described Genomoviridae family were sequenced. Reflecting the diet of giant pandas, numerous insect virus sequences related to the families Iflaviridae, Dicistroviridae, Iridoviridae, Baculoviridae, Polydnaviridae, and subfamily Densovirinae and plant viruses sequences related to the families Tombusviridae, Partitiviridae, Secoviridae, Geminiviridae, Luteoviridae, Virgaviridae, and Rhabdoviridae; genus Umbravirus, Alphaflexiviridae, and Phycodnaviridae were also detected in fecal samples. A small number of insect virus sequences were also detected in the nasopharyngeal secretions of healthy giant pandas and lung tissues from the dead wild giant panda. Although the viral families present in the sick giant panda were also detected in the healthy ones, a higher proportion of papillomaviruses, picornaviruses, and anelloviruses reads were detected in the diseased panda.
This viral survey increases our understanding of eukaryotic viruses in giant pandas and provides a baseline for comparison to viruses detected in future infectious disease outbreaks. The similar viral families detected in sick and healthy giant pandas indicate that these viruses result in commensal infections in most immuno-competent animals.
大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）是一种生活在中国中部野外的易危哺乳动物食草动物。病毒感染已成为这些濒危动物健康的潜在威胁，但有关这些感染的信息有限。
我们使用病毒宏基因组学方法，对一只死于不明疾病的野生大熊猫、一只健康的野生大熊猫和 46 只健康的圈养大熊猫的粪便、鼻咽分泌物、血液和不同组织中的病毒进行了调查。
从三种乳头瘤病毒科病毒属、一种拟议的新小核糖核酸病毒科病毒属（Aimel 病毒）、两种与小核糖核酸病毒目正粘病毒科相关的未分类病毒、四个不同分支的小核糖核酸病毒科圆环病毒属中的 19 种圆环病毒、四种推定的圆环病毒和 15 种属于最近描述的基因组病毒科的病毒中，我们获得了以前未描述的完整或近乎完整的基因组序列。反映大熊猫的饮食，我们还检测到了与 Iflaviridae、Dicistroviridae、Iridoviridae、Baculoviridae、Polydnaviridae 和 Densovirinae 亚科以及与 Tombusviridae、Partitiviridae、Secoviridae、Geminiviridae、Luteoviridae、Virgaviridae 和 Rhabdoviridae 家族相关的植物病毒序列；Umbravirus 属、Alphaflexiviridae 和 Phycodnaviridae 科；还在粪便样本中检测到了少量与昆虫病毒序列相关的鼻咽喉分泌物和健康野生大熊猫的肺组织。虽然在患病大熊猫中也检测到了健康大熊猫中存在的病毒科，但在患病熊猫中检测到了更高比例的乳头瘤病毒、小核糖核酸病毒和圆环病毒序列。
这项病毒调查增加了我们对大熊猫中真核病毒的认识，并为未来传染病爆发中检测到的病毒提供了基线比较。在患病和健康大熊猫中检测到的相似病毒科表明，这些病毒在大多数免疫功能正常的动物中导致共生感染。
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