Baroncini Liz Andréa Villela, de Castro Sylvestre Lucimary, Filho Roberto Pecoits
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Medical School, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155 - Bloco CCBS, CEP: 80215-901 Curitiba, Brazil.
Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2015 Aug 8;9:48-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.08.003. eCollection 2015 Dec 7.
To assess the effects of each traditional cardiovascular risk factor (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and smoking), including the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD), on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and to assess the degree of carotid plaque occurrence.
A total of 553 outpatients (216 men and 337 women; mean age 67.06 ± 12.44 years) who underwent a carotid artery ultrasound were screened for carotid plaque and CIMT measurements.
The CIMT medians were higher in males ( < .001) and in patients with hypertension ( < .001). A linear increase occurred in mean CIMT of 0.0059 mm for each year of increase in age. The presence of plaque indicated a tendency to correlate with CIMT ( = .067). The presence of hypertension associated with diabetes ( = .0061; estimated difference 0.0494 mm) or dyslipidemia ( = .0016; estimated difference 0.0472 mm) or CAD ( = .0043; estimated difference 0.0527 mm) increased the mean CIMT measurements. The probability of plaque occurrence in carotid arteries is influenced by the age ( < .001) and is higher in patients with dyslipidemia ( = .008) and CAD ( < .001).
Hypertension is the strongest cardiovascular risk factor that increases CIMT, followed by age and male sex. Age and dyslipidemia increase the probability of carotid plaque. Increased CIMT and plaque could be present in the same patient caused by different risk factors and with independent effects on the artery wall and different clinical prognoses.
评估各传统心血管危险因素（高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和吸烟），包括冠状动脉疾病（CAD）的存在，对颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）的影响，并评估颈动脉斑块发生的程度。
对553例接受颈动脉超声检查的门诊患者（216例男性和337例女性；平均年龄67.06±12.44岁）进行颈动脉斑块筛查和CIMT测量。
男性（P<0.001）和高血压患者（P<0.001）的CIMT中位数较高。年龄每增加一岁，平均CIMT线性增加0.0059mm。斑块的存在表明与CIMT有相关性趋势（P=0.067）。高血压与糖尿病（P=0.0061；估计差异0.0494mm）或血脂异常（P=0.0016；估计差异0.0472mm）或CAD（P=0.0043；估计差异0.0527mm）同时存在会增加平均CIMT测量值。颈动脉斑块发生的概率受年龄影响（P<0.001），在血脂异常患者（P=0.008）和CAD患者中（P<0.001）更高。
高血压是增加CIMT的最强心血管危险因素，其次是年龄和男性性别。年龄和血脂异常会增加颈动脉斑块的发生概率。同一患者可能因不同危险因素出现CIMT增加和斑块，且对动脉壁有独立影响及不同的临床预后。
