Biosciences, University of Exeter, TR10 9EZ, UK.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2017 Nov;17(11):719-728. doi: 10.1038/nri.2017.78. Epub 2017 Aug 7.
Species from all five kingdoms of life have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to generate diversity in genes that are involved in host-pathogen interactions, conferring reduced levels of parasitism to both individuals and populations. Here, we highlight unifying concepts that underpin these evolutionarily unrelated diversity-generating mechanisms (DGMs). We discuss the mechanisms of and selective forces acting on these diversity-generating immune strategies, as well as their epidemiological and co-evolutionary consequences. We propose that DGMs can be broadly classified into two classes - targeted and untargeted DGMs - which generate different levels of diversity with important consequences for host-parasite co-evolution.
所有五个生命王国的物种都进化出了复杂的机制，以产生参与宿主-病原体相互作用的基因多样性，从而降低个体和种群的寄生虫水平。在这里，我们强调了这些在进化上没有关联的多样性产生机制（DGMs）所依据的统一概念。我们讨论了这些多样性产生免疫策略的机制和作用于它们的选择压力，以及它们的流行病学和共同进化后果。我们提出，DGMs 可以大致分为两类——靶向和非靶向 DGMs——它们产生不同水平的多样性，对宿主-寄生虫的共同进化有重要影响。
