Doré Isabelle, Caron Jean
Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto - Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM).
Département de psychiatrie, Université McGill - Institut universitaire en santé mentale Douglas.
Sante Ment Que. 2017 Spring;42(1):125-145.
Objectives This article aims to situate the concept of mental health in a historical perspective. This article presents the most commonly used measurement tools in Canada and elsewhere in the world to assess specific and multiple dimensions of mental health; when available, psychometric properties are discussed. Finally, research findings on quality of life and mental health determinants are presented.Methods A literature review of concepts, measurement and determinants of mental health is presented in this paper. The selection of measurement scales presented is based on the findings of the research reports conducted by the second author, an expert on mental health measures, for Health Canada and Statistics Canada.Results Mental health is more than the absence of mental illness; rather it is a state of complete well-being, which refers to our ability to enjoy life and deal with the challenges we face. Accordingly, mental health and mental illness are not extremes of the same continuum, but distinct yet correlated concepts. The traditional conceptualization suggesting that mental health represents simply the absence of mental illness has been replaced, in the last few decades, by a more holistic characterization, which directly concerns public health. The components of mental health include emotional well-being/quality of life (QOL) and psychological and social well-being. Mental health influences the personal and social functioning of individuals, justifying the importance of intervening upstream to promote mental health. Specific scales are relevant for obtaining a detailed measure of one aspect of well-being in particular (emotional/quality of life, psychological or social well-being); however, to account for the global mental health status, measurement tools that integrate all three forms of well-being (emotional, psychological and social) should be privileged. A diversity of determinants at the individual, social and neighbourhood levels influence quality of life and well-being. These determinants are interrelated, and the complex and cumulative interaction of these determinants involves the use of comprehensive strategies for mental health promotion.Conclusion We hope this article provides the reader with information to become familiar with the concepts and tools that aim at informing research, public health surveillance, public policy and programs for mental health promotion.
目标 本文旨在从历史角度阐述心理健康的概念。本文介绍了加拿大及世界其他地区用于评估心理健康特定及多个维度的最常用测量工具；如有相关内容，还会讨论其心理测量特性。最后，展示了关于生活质量和心理健康决定因素的研究结果。
方法 本文对心理健康的概念、测量及决定因素进行了文献综述。所呈现的测量量表的选择基于第二作者（一位心理健康测量专家）为加拿大卫生部和加拿大统计局撰写的研究报告结果。
结果 心理健康不仅仅是没有精神疾病；相反，它是一种完全幸福的状态，指的是我们享受生活以及应对所面临挑战的能力。因此，心理健康和精神疾病并非同一连续体的两端，而是截然不同但又相互关联的概念。在过去几十年里，传统观念认为心理健康仅仅代表没有精神疾病，现已被一种更全面的描述所取代，这种描述直接涉及公共卫生。心理健康的组成部分包括情感幸福/生活质量（QOL）以及心理和社会幸福。心理健康会影响个体的个人和社会功能，这证明了从上游进行干预以促进心理健康的重要性。特定量表对于详细测量幸福的某一个方面（情感/生活质量、心理或社会幸福）具有相关性；然而，为了全面评估心理健康状况，应优先选择整合了所有三种幸福形式（情感、心理和社会）的测量工具。个体、社会和社区层面的多种决定因素会影响生活质量和幸福。这些决定因素相互关联，这些决定因素的复杂且累积的相互作用涉及到使用促进心理健康的综合策略。
结论 我们希望本文能为读者提供信息，使其熟悉旨在为心理健康促进方面的研究、公共卫生监测、公共政策及项目提供信息的概念和工具。
