Bennett Kate M
School of Psychology, Eleanor Rathbone Building, University of Liverpool, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA UK.
Eur J Ageing. 2005 Mar;2(1):48-55. doi: 10.1007/s10433-005-0501-z. Epub 2005 Mar 9.
The study aimed to investigate whether social engagement predicted longitudinally objective and subjective physical health. Measures of social engagement, subjective and objective health were taken at three points in time, 4 years apart (T1, T2, T3). Three questions were examined: does social engagement at T1 predict objective/subjective health at T2, does social engagement at T2 predict objective/subjective health at T3, and does social engagement at T1 predict objective/subjective health at T3? Participants were 359 adults aged 65 and over. A fully cross-lagged structural equation model was examined. Social engagement at T1 was found to significantly predict subjective health at T2. However, social engagement at T1 did not significantly predict subjective health at T3, nor was subjective health at T3 predicted by social engagement at T2. Social engagement never significantly predicted objective health. Unexpectedly, objective health at T2 predicted social engagement at T3. Finally, post-hoc analyses suggest that age has a greater influence on social engagement at T2 than at T1. Social engagement is a useful predictor of subjective physical health. However, objective health was not predicted by social engagement-indeed, the converse was the case. It is suggested that the relationship between social engagement and subjective health is mediated by psychosocial factors which may not be present in the social engagement-objective health relationship. In conclusion, the results reflect the complex interplay of objective and subjective health and social engagement as people age.
该研究旨在调查社交参与是否能纵向预测客观和主观的身体健康状况。在三个时间点（间隔4年，即T1、T2、T3）对社交参与、主观和客观健康状况进行了测量。研究考察了三个问题：T1时的社交参与能否预测T2时的客观/主观健康状况，T2时的社交参与能否预测T3时的客观/主观健康状况，以及T1时的社交参与能否预测T3时的客观/主观健康状况？研究参与者为359名65岁及以上的成年人。研究对一个完全交叉滞后的结构方程模型进行了检验。结果发现，T1时的社交参与能显著预测T2时的主观健康状况。然而，T1时的社交参与并不能显著预测T3时的主观健康状况，T2时的社交参与也不能预测T3时的主观健康状况。社交参与从未显著预测过客观健康状况。出乎意料的是，T2时的客观健康状况能预测T3时的社交参与。最后，事后分析表明，年龄对T2时社交参与的影响大于对T1时社交参与的影响。社交参与是主观身体健康状况的一个有用预测指标。然而，社交参与并不能预测客观健康状况——事实上，情况恰恰相反。研究表明，社交参与和主观健康之间的关系可能是由心理社会因素介导的，而在社交参与和客观健康的关系中可能不存在这些因素。总之，研究结果反映了随着人们年龄增长，客观和主观健康状况与社交参与之间复杂的相互作用。
