Myers Allison M, Beam Nicholas W, Fakhoury Joseph D
Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
Transl Pediatr. 2017 Jul;6(3):137-143. doi: 10.21037/tp.2017.04.01.
As more children and adolescents are becoming involved in exercise and school or community based athletics, attention is turned towards proper training and conditioning to optimize performance, stimulate athletic development and ensure safety while tolerating long-term competition. Resistance training (RT) refers to the methodology of ensuring such optimal performance and safety. This is a common component of sports and physical fitness in schools and organized athletic programs around the country. RT is a physical conditioning program that involves various training techniques (e.g., machine based, free weight, plyometric, complex and functional training) and progressively increasing resistive loads to achieve desired muscle endurance, strength, power or a combination of the above. Proper RT programs have a plethora of associated benefits including increased strength, lower rates of sports-related injury, increased bone strength index (BSI), decreased risk of fracture and improved self-esteem and interest in fitness. There are risks involved with improper or poor training programs. Proper training programs involve knowledgeable trainers, effective supervision and tailored weight training.
随着越来越多的儿童和青少年参与到运动以及学校或社区的体育活动中，人们开始关注适当的训练和体能调节，以优化表现、促进运动能力发展，并在承受长期比赛的同时确保安全。阻力训练（RT）指的是确保实现这种最佳表现和安全的方法。这是全国学校体育和健身以及有组织的体育项目中的常见组成部分。RT是一种体能调节计划，涉及各种训练技术（例如，器械训练、自由重量训练、增强式训练、综合训练和功能性训练），并逐步增加阻力负荷，以达到所需的肌肉耐力、力量、爆发力或上述各项的综合效果。适当的RT计划有诸多相关益处，包括力量增强、与运动相关的受伤率降低、骨强度指数（BSI）提高、骨折风险降低以及自尊心增强和对健身的兴趣提升。不适当或糟糕的训练计划存在风险。适当的训练计划需要有知识的教练、有效的监督和量身定制的重量训练。
