Väänänen Ari, Toppinen-Tanner Salla, Kalimo Raija, Mutanen Pertti, Vahtera Jussi, Peiró José M
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Psychology, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, FIN-00250, Helsinki, Finland.
Soc Sci Med. 2003 Sep;57(5):807-24. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00450-1.
Most longitudinal studies on the relationship between psychosocial health resources and risks, and the employees' subsequent sickness absences have been conducted in the public sector. The purpose of this study was to find out psychosocial antecedents of sickness absenteeism in the private industrial sector. The effects of job characteristics (job autonomy and job complexity), physical and psychological symptoms, and social support (from coworkers and supervisors) on sickness absenteeism were investigated. The number of long (4-21 days) and very long (>21 days) sickness absence episodes of 3895 persons (76% men and 24% women, mean age 44 years) was obtained from the health registers of a multinational forest industry corporation in 1995-1998. A questionnaire survey on the working conditions and health of the workers was carried out in 1996. The follow-up time of the sickness absences was 1-year 9-month. Job autonomy was found to be associated with long and very long episodes in men (rate ratio (RR) in the lowest autonomy group approximately 2 times higher than the highest autonomy group), and with very long episodes of absence in women (2-3 times higher RR between the low vs. the high category). Low job complexity predicted men's very long absences (RR 1.4). Long and very long episodes were associated with physical and psychological symptoms (RR 1.2-1.7) among men and women. Lack of coworkers' support increased the frequency of very long sickness absence among men (RR 1.4), and lack of supervisor's support among women (RR 1.6). Also, some interaction effects of social support variables were observed among both genders. We conclude that the studied psychosocial factors are associated with subsequent sickness absence, and that the associations are partly gender-specific. The results showing which variables are related to employees' sickness absenteeism in the private industrial sector can be applied in human resource management and health service planning.
大多数关于心理社会健康资源与风险之间的关系以及员工随后的病假情况的纵向研究都是在公共部门进行的。本研究的目的是找出私营工业部门病假的心理社会诱因。研究了工作特征（工作自主性和工作复杂性）、身体和心理症状以及社会支持（来自同事和上级）对病假的影响。从一家跨国森林工业公司1995 - 1998年的健康登记册中获取了3895人（76%为男性，24%为女性，平均年龄44岁）的长期（4 - 21天）和非常长期（>21天）病假次数。1996年对工人的工作条件和健康状况进行了问卷调查。病假的随访时间为1年9个月。结果发现，工作自主性与男性的长期和非常长期病假相关（最低自主性组的率比（RR）比最高自主性组高出约2倍），与女性的非常长期病假相关（低类别与高类别之间的RR高出2 - 3倍）。低工作复杂性预示着男性的非常长期病假（RR 1.4）。长期和非常长期病假与男性和女性的身体及心理症状相关（RR 1.2 - 1.7）。缺乏同事支持会增加男性非常长期病假的频率（RR 1.4），而缺乏上级支持会增加女性非常长期病假的频率（RR 1.6）。此外，在两性中都观察到了社会支持变量的一些交互作用。我们得出结论，所研究的心理社会因素与随后的病假相关，且这些关联部分具有性别特异性。表明哪些变量与私营工业部门员工病假相关的结果可应用于人力资源管理和健康服务规划。
