Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2018 Jan;37(1):184-191. doi: 10.1002/etc.3944. Epub 2017 Nov 6.
Enchytraeids have been used in standard ecotoxicity testing for approximately 20 yr. Since adopting the standard test for survival and reproduction, a number of additional tools have been developed, including transcriptomics and enzymatic biomarkers. So far, a genotoxicity tool and endpoint have not been used; hence, the goals of the present study included optimization of the in vivo alkaline comet assay in Enchytraeus crypticus. Further, the effect of silver nanomaterial (Ag NM300K, dispersed, 15 nm) was tested and compared with silver nitrate. Hydrogen peroxide was used as a positive control. The various steps were optimized. The fully detailed standard operating procedure is presented. Silver materials caused genotoxicity, this being differentiated for the nano and non-nano forms. Silver nitrate caused genotoxicity after 3 d of exposure in a dose-related manner, although after 7 d the effects were either reduced or repaired. Ag NM300K caused higher genotoxicity after 7 d for the lowest concentration, highlighting a potential nonmonotonic dose-response effect. Overall, the comet assay showed the power to discriminate effects between materials and also toxicity at low relevant doses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:184-191. © 2017 SETAC.
厚壁真涡虫（Enchytraeids）已被用于标准的生态毒性测试约 20 年。自采用生存和繁殖的标准测试以来，已经开发了许多其他工具，包括转录组学和酶生物标志物。到目前为止，还没有使用遗传毒性工具和终点；因此，本研究的目标包括优化厚壁真涡虫体内碱性彗星试验。此外，还测试并比较了银纳米材料（Ag NM300K，分散，15nm）和硝酸银的效果。过氧化氢被用作阳性对照。优化了各个步骤。并提出了详细的标准操作程序。银材料具有遗传毒性，纳米和非纳米形式的银材料有所不同。硝酸银在暴露 3 天后以剂量相关的方式引起遗传毒性，但在 7 天后，其影响要么减少，要么得到修复。Ag NM300K 在最低浓度下，7 天后的遗传毒性更高，突出了潜在的非单调剂量反应效应。总体而言，彗星试验显示出区分不同材料效应的能力，并且在低相关剂量下具有毒性。环境毒理化学 2018；37:184-191。©2017 SETAC。
