人类免疫缺陷病毒感染个体的真菌感染治疗方法：肺孢子菌及其他。
Approach to Fungal Infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals: Pneumocystis and Beyond.
作者信息
Wang Richard J, Miller Robert F, Huang Laurence
机构信息
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Institute of Global Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
出版信息
Clin Chest Med. 2017 Sep;38(3):465-477. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2017.04.008. Epub 2017 Jun 3.
Many fungi cause pulmonary disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Pathogens include Pneumocystis jirovecii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus spp, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides spp, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Talaromyces marneffei, and Emmonsia spp. Because symptoms are frequently nonspecific, a high index of suspicion for fungal infection is required for diagnosis. Clinical manifestations of fungal infection in HIV-infected patients frequently depend on the degree of immunosuppression and the CD4 helper T cell count. Establishing definitive diagnosis is important because treatments differ. Primary and secondary prophylaxes depend on CD4 helper T cell counts, geographic location, and local prevalence of disease.
许多真菌可导致人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染患者发生肺部疾病。病原体包括耶氏肺孢子菌、新型隐球菌、曲霉菌属、荚膜组织胞浆菌、球孢子菌属、皮炎芽生菌、巴西副球孢子菌、马尔尼菲篮状菌和埃蒙斯菌属。由于症状通常不具有特异性，诊断时需要高度怀疑真菌感染。HIV感染患者真菌感染的临床表现通常取决于免疫抑制程度和CD4辅助性T细胞计数。明确诊断很重要，因为治疗方法不同。一级和二级预防取决于CD4辅助性T细胞计数、地理位置和当地疾病流行情况。
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