Division of Physical Education, Educational College Vorarlberg, Feldkirch, Austria; Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Appetite. 2017 Nov 1;118:82-89. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.08.006. Epub 2017 Aug 7.
An increase in energy intake due to alterations in hedonic appetite sensations may, at least in part, contribute to lower-than-expected weight loss in exercise interventions. The aim of this study was to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between habitual exercise participation and food cravings in free-living young adults.
A total of 417 adults (49% male, 28 ± 4 years) reported frequency and duration of walking, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and other exercise at baseline and every 3 months over a 12-month period. Food cravings were assessed via the Control of Eating Questionnaire at baseline and 12-month follow-up.
Cross-sectional analyses revealed more frequent cravings for chocolate and a greater difficulty to resist food cravings in women compared to men (p < 0.01). Only with resistance exercise significant sex by exercise interaction effects were observed with favorable responses in men but not in women. Significant main effects were shown for walking and aerobic exercise with exercisers reporting more frequent food cravings for chocolate and fruits and greater difficulty to resist eating compared to non-exercisers (p < 0.05). Longitudinal analyses revealed significant interaction effects for other exercise (p < 0.05) with favorable results in men but not women. Furthermore, significant main effects were observed for aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and total exercise with an increase in exercise being associated with a reduced difficulty to resist food cravings (p < 0.05).
The association between exercise participation and hedonic appetite sensations varies by exercise type and sex. Even though exercise was associated with more frequent and greater difficulty to food cravings in the cross-sectional analyses, which may be attributed to greater energy demands, longitudinal results indicate beneficial effects of increased exercise on appetite control, particularly in men.
由于享乐性食欲感觉的改变导致能量摄入增加，这可能至少部分导致运动干预中体重下降低于预期。本研究的目的是检查习惯性运动参与与自由生活的年轻成年人的食物渴望之间的横断面和纵向关联。
共有 417 名成年人（49%为男性，28±4 岁）报告了基线时和 12 个月期间每 3 个月的步行、有氧运动、阻力运动和其他运动的频率和持续时间。通过控制饮食问卷在基线和 12 个月随访时评估食物渴望。
横断面分析显示，女性比男性更频繁地渴望巧克力，更难以抵抗食物的渴望（p<0.01）。只有在阻力运动中，才观察到性别与运动的交互作用效应，对男性有有利的反应，但对女性没有。对于步行和有氧运动，观察到显著的主要效应，与非运动者相比，运动者报告巧克力和水果的食物渴望更频繁，更难以抵抗进食（p<0.05）。纵向分析显示，其他运动（p<0.05）存在显著的交互作用效应，对男性有利，但对女性没有。此外，对于有氧运动、阻力运动和总运动，观察到显著的主要效应，随着运动的增加，抵抗食物渴望的难度降低（p<0.05）。
运动参与和享乐性食欲感觉之间的关联因运动类型和性别而异。尽管在横断面分析中，运动与更频繁和更大的食物渴望有关，这可能归因于更大的能量需求，但纵向结果表明增加运动对食欲控制有益，特别是对男性。
