Department of Sciences and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urbanistics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy.
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy.
Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 10;7(1):7815. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08013-x.
Marine ecosystems are increasingly threatened by the release of personal care products. Among them, sunscreens are causing concern either for the effects on skin protection from UV radiation and for the potential impacts on marine life. Here, we assessed the UVA protective efficacy of three sunscreens on human dermal fibroblasts, including two common products in Europe and USA, and an eco-friendly product. The sunscreens' effects were also tested on Paracentrotus lividus, a marine species possibly threatened by these contaminants. We found that all tested sunscreens had similar efficacy in protecting human fibroblasts from UVA radiation. Conversely, the sunscreens' effects on embryo-larval development of P. lividus were dependent on the product tested. In particular, the USA sunscreen, containing benzophenone-3, homosalate and preservatives, caused the strongest impact on the sea urchin development, whereas the eco-friendly sunscreen determined the weakest effects. These results suggest that although the tested products protected human skin cells from UVA-induced damage, they might severely affect the success of recruitment and survival of the sea urchin. Our findings underline the importance of developing eco-friendly sunscreens for minimising or avoiding the impact on marine life while protecting human skin from UV damage.
海洋生态系统越来越受到个人护理产品释放的威胁。其中，防晒霜引起了人们的关注，一方面是因为它们对皮肤免受紫外线辐射的保护作用，另一方面是因为它们可能对海洋生物产生潜在影响。在这里，我们评估了三种防晒霜对人类真皮成纤维细胞的 UVA 防护功效，包括在欧洲和美国常见的两种产品和一种环保产品。我们还测试了防晒霜对 Paracentrotus lividus 的影响，这种海洋物种可能受到这些污染物的威胁。我们发现，所有测试的防晒霜在保护人类成纤维细胞免受 UVA 辐射方面都具有相似的功效。然而，防晒霜对 P. lividus 胚胎-幼虫发育的影响取决于所测试的产品。具体而言，含有二苯甲酮-3、胡莫柳酯和防腐剂的美国防晒霜对海胆发育的影响最强，而环保防晒霜的影响最弱。这些结果表明，尽管测试的产品保护了人类皮肤细胞免受 UVA 引起的损伤，但它们可能严重影响海胆的繁殖和生存成功率。我们的研究结果强调了开发环保防晒霜的重要性，以尽量减少或避免对海洋生物的影响，同时保护人类皮肤免受紫外线损伤。
