Chistyakov A A, Zvaigzne M A, Nikitenko V R, Tameev A R, Martynov I L, Prezhdo O V
National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409, Russia.
A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 31-building 4 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia.
J Phys Chem Lett. 2017 Sep 7;8(17):4129-4139. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00671. Epub 2017 Aug 21.
Quantum dot (QD) solids represent a new type of condensed matter drawing high fundamental and applied interest. Quantum confinement in individual QDs, combined with macroscopic scale whole materials, leads to novel exciton and charge transfer features that are particularly relevant to optoelectronic applications. This Perspective discusses the structure of semiconductor QD solids, optical and spectral properties, charge carrier transport, and photovoltaic applications. The distance between adjacent nanoparticles and surface ligands influences greatly electrostatic interactions between QDs and, hence, charge and energy transfer. It is almost inevitable that QD solids exhibit energetic disorder that bears many similarities to disordered organic semiconductors, with charge and exciton transport described by the multiple trapping model. QD solids are synthesized at low cost from colloidal solutions by casting, spraying, and printing. A judicious selection of a layer sequence involving QDs with different size, composition, and ligands can be used to harvest sunlight over a wide spectral range, leading to inexpensive and efficient photovoltaic devices.
量子点（QD）固体是一种新型的凝聚态物质，引起了人们对其基础研究和应用研究的高度关注。单个量子点中的量子限制效应，与宏观尺度的整体材料相结合，产生了新颖的激子和电荷转移特性，这与光电子应用尤为相关。本文综述了半导体量子点固体的结构、光学和光谱性质、电荷载流子传输以及光伏应用。相邻纳米颗粒与表面配体之间的距离极大地影响了量子点之间的静电相互作用，进而影响电荷和能量转移。量子点固体几乎不可避免地表现出与无序有机半导体许多相似的能量无序，其电荷和激子传输由多阱模型描述。量子点固体通过铸造、喷涂和印刷等方法由胶体溶液低成本合成。明智地选择包含不同尺寸、组成和配体的量子点的层序列，可用于在宽光谱范围内收集太阳光，从而制造出廉价且高效的光伏器件。
