Soneja Sutyajeet I, Tielsch James M, Khatry Subarna K, Zaitchik Benjamin, Curriero Frank C, Breysse Patrick N
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Department of Global Health, Milken School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
Environ Manage. 2017 Nov;60(5):797-808. doi: 10.1007/s00267-017-0915-3. Epub 2017 Aug 11.
Alternative stoves are an intervention option to reduce household air pollution. The amount of air pollution exiting homes when alternative stoves are utilized is not known. In this paper, particulate matter exfiltration estimates are presented for four types of alternative stoves within a village-like home, which was built to reflect the use of local materials and common size, in rural Nepal. Four alternative stoves with chimneys were examined, which included an alternative mud brick stove, original Envirofit G3355 model, manufacture altered Envirofit G3355, and locally altered Envirofit G3355. Multiple linear regression was utilized to determine estimates of PM2.5 exfiltration. Overall exfiltration fraction average (converted to a percent) for the four stoves were: alternative mud brick stove with chimney 56%, original Envirofit G3355 model with chimney 87%, manufacture altered Envirofit G3355 model with chimney 69%, and locally altered Envirofit G3355 model with chimney 69%. Alternative cookstoves resulted in higher overall average exfiltration due to direct and indirect ventilation relative to traditional, mud-based stoves. This contrast emphasizes the need for an improved understanding of the climate and health implications that are believed to come from implementing alternative stoves on a large scale and the resultant shift of exposure burden from indoors to outdoors.
替代炉灶是减少家庭空气污染的一种干预选项。使用替代炉灶时房屋排出的空气污染量尚不清楚。本文给出了尼泊尔农村一个类似村庄的房屋内四种替代炉灶的颗粒物外渗估计值，该房屋采用当地材料建造，尺寸常见。研究了四种带烟囱的替代炉灶，包括一种替代泥砖炉灶、原始的Envirofit G3355型号、制造商改造后的Envirofit G3355以及当地改造后的Envirofit G3355。利用多元线性回归来确定PM2.5外渗的估计值。这四种炉灶的总外渗分数平均值（换算为百分比）分别为：带烟囱的替代泥砖炉灶56%、带烟囱的原始Envirofit G3355型号87%、带烟囱的制造商改造后的Envirofit G3355型号69%以及带烟囱的当地改造后的Envirofit G3355型号69%。与传统的泥基炉灶相比，替代炉灶由于直接和间接通风导致总平均外渗更高。这种对比凸显了有必要更好地理解大规模使用替代炉灶可能对气候和健康产生的影响，以及由此导致的暴露负担从室内转移到室外的情况。
