Patterson T A, Alvarado M C, Warner I T, Bennett E L, Rosenzweig M R
Behav Neurosci. 1986 Dec;100(6):856-65. doi: 10.1037//0735-7044.100.6.856.
Stages of formation of memory and the roles of different forebrain structures in memory formation were investigated by injecting various agents into the brains of chicks close to the time of peck-avoidance training. With L-glutamate injected bilaterally into the hyperstriatum 5 min pretraining, retention was good 1 min posttraining but significantly impaired at 5 min and each subsequent time point from 10 min to 24 hr. With ouabain, retention declined more slowly, showing significant impairment at 15 min and thereafter. With any of three protein synthesis inhibitors (anisomycin, cycloheximide, or emetine), retention was still good 60 min posttraining but significantly impaired at 90 min. The three time courses of decline of retention are consistent with hypotheses of three sequentially dependent stages of memory formation. Glutamate, ouabain, and emetine were found to affect only a restricted volume of tissue. Any of these three agents induced amnesia when injected into the left (but not the right) medial hyperstriatum ventrale or into the right (but not the left) lateral neostriatum; so it appears that both structures are required for formation of memory. Agents that are specific for a presumed stage of memory formation and whose action is restricted spatially should help reveal the roles of different brain structures in different stages of memory formation.
通过在接近啄击回避训练时向小鸡大脑中注射各种药剂，研究了记忆形成的阶段以及不同前脑结构在记忆形成中的作用。在训练前5分钟双侧向hyperstriatum注射L - 谷氨酸，训练后1分钟记忆保持良好，但在5分钟以及从10分钟到24小时的每个后续时间点均显著受损。使用哇巴因时，记忆保持下降得更慢，在15分钟及之后显示出显著受损。使用三种蛋白质合成抑制剂（茴香霉素、放线菌酮或依米丁）中的任何一种，训练后60分钟记忆保持仍然良好，但在90分钟时显著受损。记忆保持下降的这三个时间进程与记忆形成的三个顺序依赖阶段的假设一致。发现谷氨酸、哇巴因和依米丁仅影响有限体积的组织。当将这三种药剂中的任何一种注射到左侧（而非右侧）内侧腹侧hyperstriatum或右侧（而非左侧）外侧新纹状体时，会诱发失忆；因此似乎这两个结构对于记忆形成都是必需的。针对假定记忆形成阶段具有特异性且其作用在空间上受到限制的药剂，应该有助于揭示不同脑结构在记忆形成不同阶段中的作用。
