Nikkanen Lauri, Toivola Jouni, Diaz Manuel Guinea, Rintamäki Eevi
Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2017 Sep 26;372(1730). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0474.
Thioredoxins (TRXs) are protein oxidoreductases that control the structure and function of cellular proteins by cleavage of a disulphide bond between the side chains of two cysteine residues. Oxidized thioredoxins are reactivated by thioredoxin reductases (TR) and a TR-dependent reduction of TRXs is called a thioredoxin system. Thiol-based redox regulation is an especially important mechanism to control chloroplast proteins involved in biogenesis, in regulation of light harvesting and distribution of light energy between photosystems, in photosynthetic carbon fixation and other biosynthetic pathways, and in stress responses of plants. Of the two plant plastid thioredoxin systems, the ferredoxin-dependent system relays reducing equivalents from photosystem I via ferredoxin and ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (FTR) to chloroplast proteins, while NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase (NTRC) forms a complete thioredoxin system including both reductase and thioredoxin domains in a single polypeptide. Chloroplast thioredoxins transmit environmental light signals to biochemical reactions, which allows fine tuning of photosynthetic processes in response to changing environmental conditions. In this paper we focus on the recent reports on specificity and networking of chloroplast thioredoxin systems and evaluate the prospect of improving photosynthetic performance by modifying the activity of thiol regulators in plants.This article is part of the themed issue 'Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement'.
硫氧还蛋白（TRXs）是一类蛋白质氧化还原酶，通过裂解两个半胱氨酸残基侧链之间的二硫键来控制细胞蛋白质的结构和功能。氧化型硫氧还蛋白可被硫氧还蛋白还原酶（TR）重新激活，TR 依赖的硫氧还蛋白还原过程被称为硫氧还蛋白系统。基于巯基的氧化还原调节是一种特别重要的机制，用于控制参与生物合成、光捕获调节以及光合系统间光能分配、光合碳固定和其他生物合成途径的叶绿体蛋白，以及植物的应激反应。在植物的两个质体硫氧还蛋白系统中，依赖铁氧还蛋白的系统通过铁氧还蛋白和铁氧还蛋白 - 硫氧还蛋白还原酶（FTR）将还原当量从光合系统 I 传递给叶绿体蛋白，而依赖 NADPH 的硫氧还蛋白还原酶（NTRC）在单一多肽中形成一个完整的硫氧还蛋白系统，包括还原酶和硫氧还蛋白结构域。叶绿体硫氧还蛋白将环境光信号传递给生化反应，从而能够根据不断变化的环境条件对光合过程进行微调。在本文中，我们重点关注了关于叶绿体硫氧还蛋白系统特异性和网络关系的最新报道，并评估了通过改变植物中巯基调节剂的活性来提高光合性能的前景。本文是主题为“提高作物光合作用：改进目标”特刊的一部分。
