Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, PL5, 2.01, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, PL5, 2.05, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2018 Jan;91(1):13-21. doi: 10.1007/s00420-017-1252-9. Epub 2017 Aug 14.
Cleaning work has been associated with a wide range of occupational health hazards. However, little is known about mortality risks in the cleaning industry. This study examines differences in cause-specific mortality between cleaners, manual and non-manual workers.
Using exhaustive census-linked mortality data, the total Belgian working population aged 30-60 was selected from the 1991 census. Analyses were based on 202,339 male and 58,592 female deaths between 1 March 1991 and 31 December 2011. Standardized Mortality Ratios were calculated and indirectly adjusted for smoking (SMR). In addition, Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to account for age, educational level, part-time employment and marital status.
Large mortality differences were observed between cleaners, manual and non-manual workers. In 2001-2011, smoking-adjusted SMRs for all-cause mortality were higher among cleaners than among non-manual workers (Men 1.25 CI 1.22-1.28; women 1.10 CI 1.07-1.13). SMRs also show cleaners had significantly more deaths due to COPD (men 2.13 CI 1.92-2.37; women 2.03 CI 1.77-2.31); lung cancer (men 1.31 CI 1.22-1.39; women 1.21 CI 1.11-1.32); pneumonia (men 1.64 CI 1.35-1.97; women 1.31 CI 1.00-1.68); ischaemic heart diseases (men 1.22 CI 1.13-1.31; women 1.40 CI 1.25-1.57) and cerebrovascular diseases (men 1.19 CI 1.05-1.35; women 1.13 CI 1.00-1.27). Mortality risks among cleaners remained elevated after adjustment for education.
Respiratory and cardiovascular mortality is considerably higher for male and female cleaners than for non-manual workers.
清洁工作与广泛的职业健康危害有关。然而，对于清洁行业的死亡率风险知之甚少。本研究考察了清洁人员、体力劳动者和非体力劳动者之间特定原因死亡率的差异。
利用详尽的普查链接死亡率数据，从 1991 年普查中选择了年龄在 30-60 岁之间的全部比利时劳动人口。分析基于 1991 年 3 月 1 日至 2011 年 12 月 31 日期间 202339 名男性和 58592 名女性的死亡情况。计算了标准化死亡率比，并通过吸烟（SMR）进行了间接调整。此外，还使用 Cox 比例风险回归模型来考虑年龄、教育水平、兼职就业和婚姻状况。
清洁人员、体力劳动者和非体力劳动者之间存在很大的死亡率差异。在 2001-2011 年，所有原因死亡率的调整后 SMR 在清洁人员中高于非体力劳动者（男性 1.25 CI 1.22-1.28；女性 1.10 CI 1.07-1.13）。SMR 还显示，清洁人员因 COPD（男性 2.13 CI 1.92-2.37；女性 2.03 CI 1.77-2.31）、肺癌（男性 1.31 CI 1.22-1.39；女性 1.21 CI 1.11-1.32）、肺炎（男性 1.64 CI 1.35-1.97；女性 1.31 CI 1.00-1.68）、缺血性心脏病（男性 1.22 CI 1.13-1.31；女性 1.40 CI 1.25-1.57）和脑血管疾病（男性 1.19 CI 1.05-1.35；女性 1.13 CI 1.00-1.27）的死亡人数明显更多。在调整教育程度后，清洁人员的死亡率风险仍然居高不下。
男性和女性清洁人员的呼吸和心血管死亡率明显高于非体力劳动者。
