Stefánsson Einar, Olafsdottir Olof Birna, Einarsdottir Anna Bryndis, Eliasdottir Thorunn Scheving, Eysteinsson Thor, Vehmeijer Wouter, Vandewalle Evelien, Bek Toke, Hardarson Sveinn Hakon
University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017 May 1;58(6):BIO227-BIO233. doi: 10.1167/iovs.17-21776.
Biomarkers for several eye and brain diseases are reviewed, where retinal oximetry may help confirm diagnosis or measure severity of disease. These include diabetic retinopathy, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, and Alzheimer's disease.
Retinal oximetry is based on spectrophotometric fundus imaging and measures oxygen saturation in retinal arterioles and venules in a noninvasive, quick, safe manner. Retinal oximetry detects changes in oxygen metabolism, including those that result from ischemia or atrophy.
In diabetic retinopathy, venous oxygen saturation increases and arteriovenous difference decreases. Both correlate with diabetic retinopathy severity as conventionally classified on fundus photographs. In CRVO, vein occlusion causes hypoxia, which is measured directly by retinal oximetry to confirm the diagnosis and measure severity. In both diseases, the change in oxygen levels is a consequence of disturbed blood flow with resulting tissue hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. In atrophic diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa and glaucoma, retinal oxygen consumption is reduced and this is detected by retinal oximetry. Retinal oximetry correlates with visual field damage and retinal atrophy. It is an objective metabolic measure of the degree of retinal atrophy. Finally, the retina is part of the central nervous system tissue and reflects central nervous system diseases. In Alzheimer's disease, a change in retinal oxygen metabolism has been discovered.
Retinal oximetry is a novel, noninvasive technology that opens the field of metabolic imaging of the retina. Biomarkers in metabolic, ischemic, and atrophic diseases of the retina and central nervous system have been discovered.
综述几种眼部和脑部疾病的生物标志物，其中视网膜血氧测定法可能有助于确诊或测量疾病严重程度。这些疾病包括糖尿病性视网膜病变、视网膜中央静脉阻塞（CRVO）、色素性视网膜炎、青光眼和阿尔茨海默病。
视网膜血氧测定法基于分光光度眼底成像，以无创、快速、安全的方式测量视网膜小动脉和小静脉中的氧饱和度。视网膜血氧测定法可检测氧代谢的变化，包括由缺血或萎缩引起的变化。
在糖尿病性视网膜病变中，静脉血氧饱和度升高，动静脉血氧差减小。两者均与根据眼底照片传统分类的糖尿病性视网膜病变严重程度相关。在CRVO中，静脉阻塞导致缺氧，可通过视网膜血氧测定法直接测量以确诊并评估严重程度。在这两种疾病中，氧水平的变化是血流紊乱导致组织缺氧和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）产生的结果。在萎缩性疾病，如色素性视网膜炎和青光眼，视网膜氧消耗减少，这可通过视网膜血氧测定法检测到。视网膜血氧测定法与视野损害和视网膜萎缩相关。它是视网膜萎缩程度的一种客观代谢指标。最后，视网膜是中枢神经系统组织的一部分，可反映中枢神经系统疾病。在阿尔茨海默病中，已发现视网膜氧代谢发生变化。
视网膜血氧测定法是一种新型无创技术，开启了视网膜代谢成像领域。已发现视网膜和中枢神经系统代谢、缺血及萎缩性疾病中的生物标志物。
