Ziegler Stine, Krause-Solberg Lea, Scherer Martin, van den Bussche Hendrik
Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2017 Oct;60(10):1115-1123. doi: 10.1007/s00103-017-2610-1.
This article addresses developments regarding working hours and working hour preferences of residents undergoing postgraduate training in Germany and analyses if, and for what reasons, full-time or part-time working models are preferred.
The source of data is the KarMed study, which is based on yearly postal surveys carried out among graduates of the year 2008/2009 from seven medical faculties in Germany. The interviews took place during the entire postgraduate training period. Response rates were 48% in the first year, with subsequent rates of above 85%. For analysis, descriptive statistics and regression models were applied.
There is a considerable discrepancy between the actual and the preferred working hours of residents undergoing postgraduate training. Postgraduate training is mostly linked to full-time contracts, usually with additional overtime, even though a considerable proportion of doctors prefer a part-time position. More female residents want to work part-time than male doctors. The same applies for the period after medical specialism: in particular, female doctors with children, female doctors trained in former Western Germany states, and those seeking an occupation in outpatient care request part-time contracts for their professional future. A similar trend has been increasingly observed over the years for male doctors.
Despite the huge number of residents requesting part-time contracts - during postgraduate training and afterward - the reality is still far behind this model. It is apparent that measures should be taken for both genders. Those measures should facilitate the implementation of the favored working-time model.
本文探讨了德国接受研究生培训的住院医师的工作时间及工作时间偏好的发展情况，并分析了他们是否以及出于何种原因更喜欢全职或兼职工作模式。
数据来源是KarMed研究，该研究基于对德国七所医学院2008/2009届毕业生进行的年度邮政调查。访谈在整个研究生培训期间进行。第一年的回复率为48%，随后几年的回复率超过85%。分析采用描述性统计和回归模型。
接受研究生培训的住院医师的实际工作时间与偏好的工作时间之间存在相当大的差异。研究生培训大多与全职合同相关，通常还会有额外加班，尽管相当一部分医生更喜欢兼职岗位。想要兼职工作的女性住院医师比男性医生更多。医学专科培训后的阶段也是如此：特别是有孩子的女医生、在前西德各州接受培训的女医生以及那些希望从事门诊护理工作的人，都为自己的职业未来要求签订兼职合同。多年来，男性医生也越来越呈现出类似趋势。
尽管有大量住院医师在研究生培训期间及之后要求签订兼职合同，但现实情况仍远远落后于这种模式。显然，应该针对男女两性采取措施。这些措施应有助于实施受欢迎的工作时间模式。
