Birck S, Gedrose B, Robra B-P, Schmidt A, Schultz J-H, Stosch C, Wagner R, Janßen N, Scherer M, van den Bussche H
Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf.
Institut für Sozialmedizin und Gesundheitsökonomie, Universität Magdeburg.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2014 Oct;139(43):2173-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1387274. Epub 2014 Oct 15.
We investigated persistences and changes of career preferences of medical residents in Germany after two years of postgraduate training with regard to future working place and position. The results are compared with those forwarded at graduation from medical school in a gender comparative perspective.
The study is based on a standardized postal survey among the participants in the "KarMed" study, originally based on 1012 graduates of the medical faculties of Erlangen, Giessen, Hamburg, Heidelberg, Cologne, Leipzig and Magdeburg in 2009. 2107 persons were contacted. The return rate at baseline was 48 %, and the two surveys after the baseline reached return rates of 87 % and 89 % respectively. In all samples 2/3 were women as in actual medical undergraduate education. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were performed.
After 2 years of residency, residents after 2 years of postgraduate training still preferred the hospital over private practice as their final workplace after postgraduate training. The attractiveness of leading positions in the hospital declined among men, whereas it was already low for women at graduation. A large proportion of those physicians preferring the ambulatory sector, especially women, wishes to work as employee instead of private practice. At the personal level, almost 60 % forwarded the same preferences as those at graduation. Gender, parenthood and region of study (East vs. West Germany) did not influence stability or change of preferences.
The results demonstrate the persistence of professional preferences regarding future sector and position of medical work during postgraduate training. These preferences do neither match with principles of gender equality nor with future workforce needs (e. g. in primary care).
我们调查了德国医学住院医师在研究生培训两年后，在未来工作地点和职位方面职业偏好的持续性和变化情况。并从性别比较的角度将结果与医学院毕业时所表达的偏好进行了比较。
本研究基于对“KarMed”研究参与者的标准化邮寄调查，该研究最初以2009年来自埃尔朗根、吉森、汉堡、海德堡、科隆、莱比锡和马格德堡医学院的1012名毕业生为对象。共联系了2107人。基线时的回复率为48%，基线后的两次调查回复率分别为87%和89%。在所有样本中，三分之二为女性，与实际医学本科教育情况相同。进行了描述性统计和回归分析。
经过两年的住院医师培训后，研究生培训两年后的住院医师在研究生培训结束后仍更倾向于选择医院而非私人诊所作为最终工作场所。男性中医院领导职位的吸引力有所下降，而女性在毕业时该职位的吸引力就已经很低。很大一部分倾向于门诊部门的医生，尤其是女性，希望以雇员身份工作而非从事私人执业。在个人层面，近60%的人表达了与毕业时相同的偏好。性别、是否育有子女以及学习地区（东德与西德）均未影响偏好的稳定性或变化。
结果表明，在研究生培训期间，对于未来医疗工作部门和职位的职业偏好具有持续性。这些偏好既不符合性别平等原则，也不符合未来劳动力需求（例如在初级保健方面）。
