Suzuki Tetsuro
Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;997:199-209. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-4567-7_15.
Viruses use synthetic mechanism and organelles of the host cells to facilitate their replication and make new viruses. Host's ATP provides necessary energy. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease. Like other positive-strand RNA viruses, the HCV genome is thought to be synthesized by the replication complex, which consists of viral- and host cell-derived factors, in tight association with structurally rearranged vesicle-like cytoplasmic membranes. The virus-induced remodeling of subcellular membranes, which protect the viral RNA from nucleases in the cytoplasm, promotes efficient replication of HCV genome. The assembly of HCV particle involves interactions between viral structural and nonstructural proteins and pathways related to lipid metabolisms in a concerted fashion. Association of viral core protein, which forms the capsid, with lipid droplets appears to be a prerequisite for early steps of the assembly, which are closely linked with the viral genome replication. This review presents the recent progress in understanding the mechanisms for replication and assembly of HCV through its interactions with organelles or distinct organelle-like structures.
病毒利用宿主细胞的合成机制和细胞器来促进自身复制并产生新病毒。宿主的三磷酸腺苷（ATP）提供必要能量。丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）是导致肝脏疾病的主要原因。与其他正链RNA病毒一样，HCV基因组被认为是由复制复合体合成的，该复合体由病毒和宿主细胞衍生的因子组成，与结构重排的囊泡样细胞质膜紧密结合。病毒诱导的亚细胞膜重塑可保护病毒RNA免受细胞质中核酸酶的作用，从而促进HCV基因组的高效复制。HCV颗粒的组装涉及病毒结构蛋白和非结构蛋白之间的相互作用以及与脂质代谢相关的途径，这些过程协同进行。形成衣壳的病毒核心蛋白与脂滴的结合似乎是组装早期步骤的先决条件，而这些早期步骤与病毒基因组复制密切相关。本综述介绍了通过HCV与细胞器或不同细胞器样结构的相互作用来理解HCV复制和组装机制的最新进展。
