对执行具有挑战性的模拟和真实飞行机动的飞行员进行心理生理评估。

Psychophysiological Assessment in Pilots Performing Challenging Simulated and Real Flight Maneuvers.

作者信息

Johannes Bernd, Rothe Stefanie, Gens André, Westphal Soeren, Birkenfeld Katja, Mulder Edwin, Rittweger Jörn, Ledderhos Carla

出版信息

Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017 Sep 1;88(9):834-840. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.4782.2017.

DOI:10.3357/AMHP.4782.2017

PMID:28818142

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The objective assessment of psychophysiological arousal during challenging flight maneuvers is of great interest to aerospace medicine, but remains a challenging task. In the study presented here, a vector-methodological approach was used which integrates different psychophysiological variables, yielding an integral arousal index called the Psychophysiological Arousal Value (PAV).

METHODS

The arousal levels of 15 male pilots were assessed during predetermined, well-defined flight maneuvers performed under simulated and real flight conditions.

RESULTS

The physiological data, as expected, revealed inter- and intra-individual differences for the various measurement conditions. As indicated by the PAV, air-to-air refueling (AAR) turned out to be the most challenging task. In general, arousal levels were comparable between simulator and real flight conditions. However, a distinct difference was observed when the pilots were divided by instructors into two groups based on their proficiency in AAR with AWACS (AAR-Novices vs. AAR-Professionals). AAR-Novices had on average more than 2000 flight hours on other aircrafts. They showed higher arousal reactions to AAR in real flight (contact: PAV score 8.4 ± 0.37) than under simulator conditions (7.1 ± 0.30), whereas AAR-Professionals did not (8.5 ± 0.46 vs. 8.8 ± 0.80).

DISCUSSION

The psychophysiological arousal value assessment was tested in field measurements, yielding quantifiable arousal differences between proficiency groups of pilots during simulated and real flight conditions. The method used in this study allows an evaluation of the psychophysiological cost during a certain flying performance and thus is possibly a valuable tool for objectively evaluating the actual skill status of pilots.Johannes B, Rothe S, Gens A, Westphal S, Birkenfeld K, Mulder E, Rittweger J, Ledderhos C. Psychophysiological assessment in pilots performing challenging simulated and real flight maneuvers. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(9):834-840.

摘要

背景

在具有挑战性的飞行机动过程中对心理生理唤醒进行客观评估是航空航天医学非常感兴趣的内容，但仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。在本文介绍的研究中，采用了一种向量方法，该方法整合了不同的心理生理变量，得出了一个称为心理生理唤醒值（PAV）的综合唤醒指数。

方法

在模拟和真实飞行条件下进行预定的、明确的飞行机动时，对15名男性飞行员的唤醒水平进行了评估。

结果

正如预期的那样，生理数据显示了不同测量条件下个体间和个体内的差异。如PAV所示，空中加油（AAR）被证明是最具挑战性的任务。总体而言，模拟器和真实飞行条件下的唤醒水平相当。然而，当根据飞行员在配备预警机的空中加油方面的熟练程度由教员将其分为两组时（空中加油新手与空中加油专业人员），观察到了明显的差异。空中加油新手平均在其他飞机上有超过2000小时的飞行时间。他们在真实飞行中对空中加油表现出比模拟器条件下更高的唤醒反应（接触时：PAV评分为8.4±0.37），而空中加油专业人员则没有（8.5±0.46对8.8±0.80）。