Pennington Theresa, Kraus Christian, Alakina Ekatarina, Entling Martin H, Hoffmann Christoph
Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Viticulture, Geilweilerhof, 76833 Siebeldingen, Germany.
Insects. 2017 Aug 18;8(3):86. doi: 10.3390/insects8030086.
Improving natural pest control by promoting high densities of predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an effective way to prevent damage by pest mites (e.g., Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae) and other arthropod taxa that can cause serious damage to vineyards. Here, we investigate the influence of innovative management on predatory mite densities. We compare (i) full versus reduced fungicide applications and (ii) minimal pruning versus a traditional trellis pruning system in four fungus-resistant grapevine varieties. As predatory mites also feed on fungus mycelium, we assessed fungal infection of grapevine leaves in the experimental vineyard. Predatory mites were significantly more abundant in both minimal pruning and under reduced plant protection. Increases in predatory mites appeared to be independent of fungal infection, suggesting mostly direct effects of reduced fungicides and minimal pruning. In contrast to predatory mites, pest mites did not increase under innovative management. Thus, conditions for natural pest control are improved in fungus-resistant grapevines and under minimal pruning, which adds to other advantages such as environmental safety and reduced production cost.
通过促进捕食螨（蜱螨亚纲：植绥螨科）的高密度繁殖来改善自然虫害控制，是防止害螨（如瘿螨科、叶螨科）以及其他会对葡萄园造成严重损害的节肢动物类群造成损害的有效方法。在此，我们研究创新管理对捕食螨密度的影响。我们比较了（i）全量与减量杀菌剂施用情况，以及（ii）在四个抗真菌葡萄品种中，轻度修剪与传统棚架修剪系统的差异。由于捕食螨也以真菌菌丝体为食，我们评估了实验葡萄园葡萄叶片的真菌感染情况。在轻度修剪和减少植物保护措施的情况下，捕食螨的数量显著更多。捕食螨数量的增加似乎与真菌感染无关，这表明主要是杀菌剂减量和轻度修剪的直接影响。与捕食螨不同，害螨在创新管理下并未增加。因此，在抗真菌葡萄品种和轻度修剪条件下，自然虫害控制的条件得到了改善，这增加了其他优势，如环境安全性和生产成本降低。
