Crush Elizabeth A, Loprinzi Paul D
1 Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 2017 Dec;124(6):1164-1193. doi: 10.1177/0031512517726920. Epub 2017 Aug 22.
We examined the effects of different acute exercise durations and recovery periods on cognitive function in a counterbalanced, cross-over randomized controlled experiment. We placed 352 participants, aged 18 to 35 years into one of 16 experimental groups. Each participant visited the laboratory twice, separated by a 1-week washout period. Either Visit 1 or 2 consisted of an acute bout of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise (10, 20, 30, 45, or 60 minutes) followed by a period of rest (5, 15, or 30 minutes) before taking a set of five cognitive tests; the other visit consisted only of completing the cognitive tests (no exercise). Cognitive tests sampled multiple cognitive parameters, including reasoning, concentration, memory, attention, and planning. We found that a short recovery period (i.e., 5 minutes) may have a less favorable effect on planning ability but may be beneficial for memory. In addition, for various exercise durations and recovery periods, a Group × Time × Resting (nonexercise) A cognitive interaction effect was observed such that for both memory and inhibitory cognitive ability, acute exercise (vs. no exercise) had an enhancement effect for those with lower resting cognitive functioning. The length of the acute exercise recovery period and resting cognitive ability most influenced the association between exercise and cognitive function.
在一项采用平衡交叉随机对照实验中，我们研究了不同急性运动时长和恢复期对认知功能的影响。我们将352名年龄在18至35岁之间的参与者分为16个实验组之一。每位参与者到实验室访问两次，中间间隔1周的洗脱期。第1次或第2次访问包括进行一轮急性中等强度跑步机运动（10、20、30、45或60分钟），然后在进行一组五项认知测试前休息一段时间（5、15或30分钟）；另一次访问仅包括完成认知测试（无运动）。认知测试对多个认知参数进行了采样，包括推理、注意力、记忆、专注力和规划能力。我们发现，较短的恢复期（即5分钟）可能对规划能力产生不太有利的影响，但可能对记忆有益。此外，对于不同的运动时长和恢复期，观察到组×时间×休息（无运动）的认知交互效应，即对于记忆和抑制性认知能力，急性运动（与无运动相比）对静息认知功能较低的人具有增强作用。急性运动恢复期的时长和静息认知能力对运动与认知功能之间的关联影响最大。
