School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom.
School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom; Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2020 Jan;167:107128. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107128. Epub 2019 Nov 26.
Whilst there are many studies comparing the different effects of exercise on long-term memory, these typically adopt varying intensities, durations, and behavioural measures. Furthermore, few studies provide direct comparisons between exercise and different types of rest. Therefore, by providing a standardised methodological design, this study will ascertain the most effective intensity and protocol of exercise for the modulation of long-term memory, whilst directly comparing it to different types rest. This was achieved using the same old/new recognition memory test and an 80-90 min retention interval. Three experiments were performed (total N = 59), each with a three-armed crossover design measuring the extent to which physical exercise and wakeful rest can influence long-term memory performance. In Experiment 1, the effects of continuous moderate intensity exercise (65-75% HR), passive rest (no cognitive engagement) and active rest (cognitively engaged) were explored. In Experiment 2, continuous moderate intensity exercise was compared to a type of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and passive rest. Experiment 3 observed the effects of low- (55-65% HR), moderate- and high-intensity (75-85% HR) continuous exercise. Across the three experiments moderate intensity exercise had the greatest positive impact on memory performance. Although not significant, HIIT was more effective than passive-rest, and passive rest was more effective than active rest. Our findings suggest that it is not necessary to physically overexert oneself in order to achieve observable improvements to long-term memory. By also investigating wakeful rest, we reaffirmed the importance of the cognitive engagement during consolidation for the formation of long-term memories.
虽然有许多研究比较了运动对长期记忆的不同影响，但这些研究通常采用不同的强度、持续时间和行为测量方法。此外，很少有研究直接比较运动和不同类型的休息对长期记忆的影响。因此，通过提供标准化的方法设计，本研究将确定最有效的运动强度和方案，以调节长期记忆，同时直接将其与不同类型的休息进行比较。这是通过使用相同的旧/新识别记忆测试和 80-90 分钟的保留间隔来实现的。进行了三项实验（总 N=59），每项实验均采用三臂交叉设计，测量身体运动和清醒休息对长期记忆表现的影响程度。在实验 1 中，研究了连续中等强度运动（65-75%HR）、被动休息（无认知参与）和主动休息（认知参与）的效果。在实验 2 中，比较了连续中等强度运动与一种高强度间歇训练（HIIT）和被动休息。实验 3 观察了低强度（55-65%HR）、中强度和高强度（75-85%HR）连续运动的效果。在这三项实验中，中等强度运动对记忆表现的正面影响最大。虽然不显著，但 HIIT 比被动休息更有效，而被动休息比主动休息更有效。我们的发现表明，不必过度运动就可以观察到长期记忆的改善。通过研究清醒休息，我们重申了在巩固过程中认知参与对于形成长期记忆的重要性。
