识别与衡量与步行便利性相关的城市设计品质。

Identifying and Measuring Urban Design Qualities Related to Walkability.

作者信息

Ewing Reid, Handy Susan, Brownson Ross C, Clemente Otto, Winston Emily

出版信息

J Phys Act Health. 2006 Feb;3(s1):S223-S240. doi: 10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s223.

DOI:10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s223

PMID:28834514

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In active living research, measures used to characterize the built environment have been mostly gross qualities such as neighborhood density and park access. This project has developed operational definitions and measurement protocols for subtler urban design qualities believed to be related to walkability.

METHODS

Methods included: 1) recruiting an expert panel; 2) shooting video clips of streetscapes; 3) rating urban design qualities of streetscapes by the expert panel; 4) measuring physical features of streetscapes from the video clips; 5) testing inter-rater reliability of physical measurements and urban design quality ratings; 6) statistically analyzing relationships between physical features and urban design quality ratings, 7) selecting of qualities for operationalization, and 8) developing of operational definitions and measurement protocols for urban design qualities based on statistical relationships.

RESULTS

Operational definitions and measurement protocols were developed for five of nine urban design qualities: imageability, visual enclosure, human scale, transparency, and complexity.

CONCLUSIONS

A field survey instrument has been developed, tested in the field, and further refined for use in active living research.

摘要

背景

在积极生活方式研究中，用于描述建成环境的指标大多是诸如邻里密度和公园可达性等总体特征。本项目针对一些被认为与步行适宜性相关的更细微的城市设计特征制定了操作定义和测量方案。

方法

方法包括：1）招募一个专家小组；2）拍摄街景视频片段；3）由专家小组对街景的城市设计特征进行评分；4）从视频片段中测量街景的物理特征；5）测试物理测量和城市设计质量评分的评分者间信度；6）对物理特征与城市设计质量评分之间的关系进行统计分析；7）选择用于操作化的特征；8）根据统计关系为城市设计特征制定操作定义和测量方案。