学术医学领域职业灵活性的障碍：对家庭友好政策未充分利用原因的定性分析及其对机构变革和系主任领导力的启示
Barriers to Career Flexibility in Academic Medicine: A Qualitative Analysis of Reasons for the Underutilization of Family-Friendly Policies, and Implications for Institutional Change and Department Chair Leadership.
作者信息
Shauman Kimberlee, Howell Lydia P, Paterniti Debora A, Beckett Laurel A, Villablanca Amparo C
机构信息
K. Shauman is professor, Department of Sociology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California. L.P. Howell is professor and chair, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California. D.A. Paterniti is assistant professor, Sociology Department, Sonoma State University, Sonoma, California. L.A. Beckett is distinguished professor and chief, Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California. A.C. Villablanca is professor of cardiovascular medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California.
出版信息
Acad Med. 2018 Feb;93(2):246-255. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001877.
PURPOSE
Academic medical and biomedical professionals need workplace flexibility to manage the demands of work and family roles and meet their commitments to both, but often fail to use the very programs and benefits that provide flexibility. This study investigated the reasons for faculty underutilization of work-life programs.
METHOD
As part of a National Institutes of Health-funded study, in 2010 the authors investigated attitudes of clinical and/or research biomedical faculty at the University of California, Davis, toward work-life policies, and the rationale behind their individual decisions regarding use of flexibility policies. The analysis used verbatim responses from 213 of 472 faculty (448 unstructured comments) to a series of open-ended survey questions. Questions elicited faculty members' self-reports of policy use, attitudes, and evaluations of the policies, and their perceptions of barriers that limited full benefit utilization. Data were coded and analyzed using a grounded theory approach.
RESULTS
Faculty described how their utilization of workplace flexibility benefits was inhibited by organizational influences: the absence of reliable information about program eligibility and benefits, workplace norms and cultures that stigmatized program participation, influence of uninformed/unsupportive department heads, and concerns about how participation might burden coworkers, damage collegial relationships, or adversely affect workflow and grant funding.
CONCLUSIONS
Understanding underuse of work-life programs is essential to maximize employee productivity and satisfaction, minimize turnover, and provide equal opportunities for career advancement to all faculty. The findings are discussed in relation to specific policy recommendations, implications for institutional change, and department chair leadership.
目的
学术医学和生物医学专业人员需要工作场所的灵活性来平衡工作和家庭角色的需求，并履行对两者的承诺，但他们往往未能利用那些提供灵活性的项目和福利。本研究调查了教职员工未充分利用工作与生活项目的原因。
方法
作为美国国立卫生研究院资助研究的一部分，作者于2010年调查了加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校临床和/或研究生物医学教职员工对工作与生活政策的态度，以及他们个人在使用灵活性政策方面做出决策的理由。分析采用了472名教职员工中213人的逐字回复（448条非结构化评论），这些回复针对一系列开放式调查问题。问题涉及教职员工对政策使用情况、态度和评价的自我报告，以及他们对限制充分利用福利的障碍的看法。数据采用扎根理论方法进行编码和分析。
结果
教职员工描述了组织影响如何抑制他们对工作场所灵活性福利的利用：缺乏关于项目资格和福利的可靠信息、使项目参与受到 stigmatized 的工作场所规范和文化、不知情/不支持的部门负责人的影响，以及担心参与可能给同事带来负担、损害同事关系或对工作流程和资助产生不利影响。
结论
了解工作与生活项目的未充分利用情况对于最大限度提高员工生产力和满意度、减少人员流动以及为所有教职员工提供平等的职业发展机会至关重要。研究结果结合具体政策建议、对机构变革的影响以及部门负责人的领导力进行了讨论。
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