Li Jian, Herr Raphael M, Allen Joanne, Stephens Christine, Alpass Fiona
Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf.
Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University.
J Occup Health. 2017 Nov 25;59(6):495-505. doi: 10.1539/joh.17-0044-OA. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
The objective of this study was to validate a short version of the Effort-Reward-Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire in the context of New Zealand among older full-time and part-time employees.
Data were collected from 1694 adults aged 48-83 years (mean 60 years, 53% female) who reported being in full- or part-time paid employment in the 2010 wave of the New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement study. Scale reliability was evaluated by item-total correlations and Cronbach's alpha. Factorial validity was assessed using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses assessing nested models of configural, metric, scalar and strict invariance across full- and part-time employment groups. Logistic regressions estimated associations of effort-reward ratio and over-commitment with poor physical/mental health, and depressive symptoms.
Internal consistency of ERI scales was high across employment groups: effort 0.78-0.76; reward 0.81-0.77, and over-commitment 0.83-0.80. The three-factor model displayed acceptable fit in the overall sample (X/df = 10.31; CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.075), and decrements in model fit indices provided evidence for strict invariance of the three-factor ERI model across full-time and part-time employment groups. High effort-reward ratio scores were consistently associated with poor mental health and depressive symptoms for both employment groups. High over-commitment was associated with poor mental health and depressive symptoms in both groups and also with poor physical health in the full-time employment group.
The short ERI questionnaire appears to be a valid instrument to assess adverse psychosocial work characteristics in old full-time and part-time employees in New Zealand.
本研究的目的是在新西兰的背景下，验证适用于老年全职和兼职员工的简版努力-回报失衡（ERI）问卷。
数据收集自1694名年龄在48 - 83岁（平均60岁，53%为女性）的成年人，他们在2010年新西兰健康、工作与退休研究中报告从事全职或兼职有薪工作。通过项目-总分相关性和克朗巴哈系数评估量表信度。使用多组验证性因素分析评估构念效度，该分析评估全职和兼职就业组之间在构型、度量、标量和严格不变性的嵌套模型。逻辑回归估计努力-回报比和过度投入与身心健康不佳及抑郁症状之间的关联。
ERI量表在各就业组中的内部一致性较高：努力维度为0.78 - 0.76；回报维度为0.81 - 0.77，过度投入维度为0.83 - 0.80。三因素模型在总体样本中显示出可接受的拟合度（X/df = 10.31；CFI = 0.95；TLI = 0.94；RMSEA = 0.075），模型拟合指数的下降为三因素ERI模型在全职和兼职就业组之间的严格不变性提供了证据。高努力-回报比得分在两个就业组中均始终与心理健康不佳和抑郁症状相关。高过度投入在两个组中均与心理健康不佳和抑郁症状相关，并且在全职就业组中还与身体健康不佳相关。
简版ERI问卷似乎是评估新西兰老年全职和兼职员工不良心理社会工作特征的有效工具。
