Facultad de Odontología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 CDMX, México.
Nanotechnology. 2017 Oct 27;28(43):435101. doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8838. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
In recent years, nanomaterials have been used in the medical-dental field as new alternative antimicrobial agents. Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) has been used as an antimicrobial agent, but the effect of BSS in the form of nanoparticles (BSS-nano) as a potential antimicrobial agent has not been tested, in specific against bacteria responsible for periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of BSS-nano against oral anaerobic bacteria and to assess the safety of BSS-nano by evaluating their cytotoxicity in human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cells. BSS-nano were synthesized by laser ablation and were previously physico-chemically characterized using in vitro assays. The antibacterial activity was measured using the tetrazolium-based XTT assay, and cytotoxicity was determined using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MTS assays in HGF-1 cells. Transmission electron microscopy of HGF-1 exposed to BSS-nano was also performed. BSS-nano was shown to have a primary size of 4-22 nm and a polygonal shape. Among the tested bacterial strains, those with a greater sensitivity to BSS-nano (highest concentration of 21.7 μg ml) were A. actinomycetemcomitans, C. gingivalis, and P. gingivalis. BSS-nano at a concentration of 60 μg ml showed low cytotoxicity (6%) in HFG-1 cells and was mainly localized intracellularly in acidic vesicles. Our results indicate that the concentration of BSS-nano used as an effective antibacterial agent does not induce cytotoxicity in mammalian cells; thus, BSS-nano can be applied as an antibacterial agent in dental materials or antiseptic solutions.
近年来，纳米材料已被应用于医学-牙科领域，作为新的抗菌替代物。水杨酸铋（BSS）已被用作抗菌剂，但以纳米颗粒（BSS-纳米）形式作为潜在抗菌剂的 BSS 的效果尚未经过测试，特别是针对引起牙周病的细菌。本研究旨在评估 BSS-纳米对口腔厌氧菌的抗菌作用，并通过评估其对人牙龈成纤维细胞（HGF-1）细胞的细胞毒性来评估 BSS-纳米的安全性。BSS-纳米通过激光烧蚀合成，并通过体外实验进行了物理化学特性评估。使用基于噻唑蓝的 XTT 测定法测量抗菌活性，并用乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和 MTS 测定法在 HGF-1 细胞中测定细胞毒性。还对暴露于 BSS-纳米的 HGF-1 进行了透射电子显微镜检查。结果表明，BSS-纳米的初级尺寸为 4-22nm，形状为多边形。在测试的细菌菌株中，对 BSS-纳米更敏感的菌株（最高浓度为 21.7μg/ml）为 A. actinomycetemcomitans、C. gingivalis 和 P. gingivalis。BSS-纳米在 60μg/ml 浓度下对 HFG-1 细胞的细胞毒性较低（6%），主要定位于酸性囊泡中。我们的结果表明，用作有效抗菌剂的 BSS-纳米浓度不会在哺乳动物细胞中引起细胞毒性；因此，BSS-纳米可应用于牙科材料或防腐剂溶液中的抗菌剂。
