Shimoyama Mary, Smith Jennifer R, Bryda Elizabeth, Kuramoto Takashi, Saba Laura, Dwinell Melinda
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Rat Genome Database, Department of Biomedical Engineering at Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
ILAR J. 2017 Jul 1;58(1):42-58. doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilw041.
Rats remain a major model for studying disease mechanisms and discovery, validation, and testing of new compounds to improve human health. The rat's value continues to grow as indicated by the more than 1.4 million publications (second to human) at PubMed documenting important discoveries using this model. Advanced sequencing technologies, genome modification techniques, and the development of embryonic stem cell protocols ensure the rat remains an important mammalian model for disease studies. The 2004 release of the reference genome has been followed by the production of complete genomes for more than two dozen individual strains utilizing NextGen sequencing technologies; their analyses have identified over 80 million variants. This explosion in genomic data has been accompanied by the ability to selectively edit the rat genome, leading to hundreds of new strains through multiple technologies. A number of resources have been developed to provide investigators with access to precision rat models, comprehensive datasets, and sophisticated software tools necessary for their research. Those profiled here include the Rat Genome Database, PhenoGen, Gene Editing Rat Resource Center, Rat Resource and Research Center, and the National BioResource Project for the Rat in Japan.
大鼠仍然是研究疾病机制以及新化合物的发现、验证和测试以改善人类健康的主要模型。正如美国国立医学图书馆（PubMed）上超过140万篇（仅次于人类）文献所表明的那样，大鼠在利用该模型取得重要发现方面的价值持续增长。先进的测序技术、基因组编辑技术以及胚胎干细胞方案的发展确保了大鼠仍然是疾病研究的重要哺乳动物模型。2004年发布参考基因组之后，利用新一代测序技术为二十多个个体品系生成了完整基因组；对它们的分析已鉴定出超过8000万个变异。基因组数据的这种激增伴随着选择性编辑大鼠基因组的能力，通过多种技术产生了数百个新的品系。已经开发了许多资源，为研究人员提供获取其研究所需的精确大鼠模型、综合数据集和复杂软件工具的途径。这里介绍的有大鼠基因组数据库、表型基因组、基因编辑大鼠资源中心、大鼠资源与研究中心以及日本大鼠国家生物资源项目。
