Zucker Kenneth J
Sex Health. 2017 Oct;14(5):404-411. doi: 10.1071/SH17067.
This review provides an update on the epidemiology of gender dysphoria and transgender identity in children, adolescents and adults. Although the prevalence of gender dysphoria, as it is operationalised in the fifth edtion of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), remains a relatively 'rare' or 'uncommon' diagnosis, there is evidence that it has increased in the past couple of decades, perhaps reflected in the large increase in referral rates to specialised gender identity clinics. In childhood, the sex ratio continues to favour birth-assigned males, but in adolescents, there has been a recent inversion in the sex ratio from one favouring birth-assigned males to one favouring birth-assigned females. In both adolescents and adults, patterns of sexual orientation vary as a function of birth-assigned sex. Recent studies suggest that the prevalence of a self-reported transgender identity in children, adolescents and adults ranges from 0.5 to 1.3%, markedly higher than prevalence rates based on clinic-referred samples of adults. The stability of a self-reported transgender identity or a gender identity that departs from the traditional male-female binary among non-clinic-based populations remains unknown and requires further study.
本综述提供了关于儿童、青少年和成人性别焦虑症及跨性别身份的流行病学最新情况。尽管按照《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（第五版）（DSM - 5）中所定义的性别焦虑症患病率，仍然是一种相对“罕见”或“不常见”的诊断，但有证据表明在过去几十年中它有所增加，这或许反映在转诊至专门的性别认同诊所的比率大幅上升上。在儿童期，出生时被指定为男性的人数在性别比例上仍占优势，但在青少年中，近期性别比例出现了反转，从出生时被指定为男性占优势转变为出生时被指定为女性占优势。在青少年和成年人中，性取向模式因出生时被指定的性别而异。最近的研究表明，儿童、青少年和成人中自我报告的跨性别身份患病率在0.5%至1.3%之间，明显高于基于临床转诊的成人群体样本的患病率。在非临床人群中，自我报告的跨性别身份或偏离传统男女二元性别的性别认同的稳定性仍然未知，需要进一步研究。
