Vidi Pierre-Alexandre, Anderson Kim A, Chen Haiying, Anderson Rebecca, Salvador-Moreno Naike, Mora Dana C, Poutasse Carolyn, Laurienti Paul J, Daniel Stephanie S, Arcury Thomas A
Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2017 Oct;822:27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.07.003. Epub 2017 Jul 16.
Agriculture in the United States employs youth ages ten and older in work environments with high pesticide levels. Younger children in rural areas may also be affected by indirect pesticide exposures. The long-term effects of pesticides on health and development are difficult to assess and poorly understood. Yet, epidemiologic studies suggest associations with cancer as well as cognitive deficits. We report a practical and cost-effective approach to assess environmental pesticide exposures and their biological consequences in children. Our approach combines silicone wristband personal samplers and DNA damage quantification from hair follicles, and was tested as part of a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project involving ten Latino children from farmworker households in North Carolina. Our study documents high acceptance among Latino children and their caregivers of these noninvasive sampling methods. The personal samplers detected organophosphates, organochlorines, and pyrethroids in the majority of the participants (70%, 90%, 80%, respectively). Pesticides were detected in all participant samplers, with an average of 6.2±2.4 detections/participant sampler. DNA damage in epithelial cells from the sheath and bulb of plucked hairs follicles was quantified by immunostaining 53BP1-labled DNA repair foci. This method is sensitive, as shown by dose response analyses to γ radiations where the lowest dose tested (0.1Gy) led to significant increased 53BP1 foci density. Immunolabeling of DNA repair foci has significant advantages over the comet assay in that specific regions of the follicles can be analyzed. In this cohort of child participants, significant association was found between the number of pesticide detections and DNA damage in the papilla region of the hairs. We anticipate that this monitoring approach of bioavailable pesticides and genotoxicity will enhance our knowledge of the biological effects of pesticides to guide education programs and safety policies.
美国农业雇佣10岁及以上的青少年在农药浓度高的工作环境中劳作。农村地区的年幼儿童也可能受到农药间接接触的影响。农药对健康和发育的长期影响难以评估且了解甚少。然而，流行病学研究表明农药与癌症以及认知缺陷有关联。我们报告了一种实用且经济高效的方法，用于评估儿童环境农药接触情况及其生物学后果。我们的方法结合了硅胶腕带个人采样器和毛囊DNA损伤定量分析，并作为一项基于社区的参与性研究（CBPR）项目的一部分进行了测试，该项目涉及北卡罗来纳州来自农场工人家庭的10名拉丁裔儿童。我们的研究记录了拉丁裔儿童及其照顾者对这些非侵入性采样方法的高度接受度。个人采样器在大多数参与者中检测到有机磷、有机氯和拟除虫菊酯（分别为70%、90%、80%）。所有参与者的采样器中均检测到农药，平均每个参与者采样器检测到6.2±2.4种农药。通过免疫染色53BP1标记的DNA修复灶来定量拔取毛囊的鞘和球部上皮细胞中的DNA损伤。如对γ辐射的剂量反应分析所示，该方法很灵敏，测试的最低剂量（0.1Gy）导致53BP1灶密度显著增加。DNA修复灶的免疫标记相对于彗星试验具有显著优势，因为可以分析毛囊的特定区域。在这组儿童参与者中，发现毛发乳头区域的农药检测数量与DNA损伤之间存在显著关联。我们预计，这种生物可利用农药和遗传毒性的监测方法将增进我们对农药生物学效应的了解，以指导教育项目和安全政策。
