Agrawal Sutapa
South Asia Network for Chronic Disease, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi NCR, India.
J Diabetes Metab. 2015 Jan 2;6(1):474. doi: 10.4172/2155-6156.1000474.
Recent studies have shown that the choice of foods and frequency of intake plays a role in diabetes prevention. We examined the association between frequency of consumption of specific food items and the occurrence of diabetes in adult Indian population.
Cross sectional data of 99,574 women and 61,361 men aged 20-49 years who participated in India's third National Family Health Survey conducted during 2005-06 was used for this study. Association between frequency of food intake such as daily, weekly, occasionally and never, and prevalence of diabetes were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models after adjusting for body mass index, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, television watching and socio-economic and demographic characteristics, stratified by sex.
In men, weekly (OR:0.64; 95%CI:0.47-0.88) and occasional (OR:0.60; 95%CI:0.44-0.81) consumption of milk/curd, weekly (OR:0.48; 95%CI:0.27-0.87) and occasional (OR:0.52; 95%CI:0.28-0.99) consumption of pulses/beans and consumption of fruits (OR ranges from 0.33 to 0.39) was associated with a significantly lower likelihood of diabetes whereas daily (OR:0.55; 95%CI:0.34-0.88) or weekly (OR:0.56; 95%CI:0.35-0.90) pulses/beans consumption and fruits intake (OR ranges from 0.36 to 0.46) was associated with a lower likelihood of diabetes in women.
This study has confirmed findings from high income countries that diabetes among adult Indians, which is large and increasing, might be contained by regular consumption of vegetarian foods including pulses, beans, fruits and dairy products. However, this is an observational finding and uncontrolled confounding cannot be excluded as an explanation for the association. More epidemiological research with better measures of food intake and clinical measures of diabetes is needed in a developing country setting to validate the findings.
近期研究表明，食物的选择和摄入频率在糖尿病预防中发挥着作用。我们研究了印度成年人群中特定食物的消费频率与糖尿病发生之间的关联。
本研究使用了参与2005 - 2006年印度第三次全国家庭健康调查的99574名20 - 49岁女性和61361名男性的横断面数据。在调整了体重指数、吸烟、饮酒、看电视以及社会经济和人口特征后，使用多变量逻辑回归模型估计食物摄入频率（如每日、每周、偶尔和从不）与糖尿病患病率之间的关联，并按性别分层。
在男性中，每周（比值比：0.64；95%置信区间：0.47 - 0.88）和偶尔（比值比：0.60；95%置信区间：0.44 - 0.81）食用牛奶/凝乳、每周（比值比：0.48；95%置信区间：0.27 - 0.87）和偶尔（比值比：0.52；95%置信区间：0.28 - 0.99）食用豆类/豆子以及食用水果（比值比范围为0.33至0.39）与糖尿病发生的可能性显著降低相关；而在女性中，每日（比值比：0.55；95%置信区间：0.34 - 0.88）或每周（比值比：0.56；95%置信区间：0.35 - 0.90）食用豆类/豆子以及食用水果（比值比范围为0.36至0.46）与糖尿病发生的可能性降低相关。
本研究证实了高收入国家的研究结果，即印度大量且不断增加的成年糖尿病患者，可能通过经常食用包括豆类、豆子、水果和乳制品在内的素食来控制病情。然而，这是一项观察性研究结果，不能排除未控制的混杂因素作为这种关联的解释。在发展中国家环境中，需要进行更多关于食物摄入量更好测量方法和糖尿病临床测量方法的流行病学研究来验证这些结果。
