Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29009 Málaga, Spain.
Nutrients. 2019 Jan 24;11(2):262. doi: 10.3390/nu11020262.
To date it is not clear what the role of dairy products is in metabolic diseases like diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Therefore, the aim of this study is to test the association between dairy product consumption and those pathologies. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 5081 adults included in the di@bet.es study, from 100 health centers around Spain. Food frequency questionnaires were carried out concerning consumption habits, which included dairy product consumption. Logistic regression models were used for the association analyses between the variables controlling confounding variables. Women had a higher consumption of milk, cheese, or yogurt than men ( < 0.0001), but men consumed more sugar dairy products ( < 0.001). People who live in the North of Spain consume more dairy products than those who live in the East. Dairy product consumption was inversely associated with the presence of hypertension regardless of age, sex, geographical region, and body mass index (BMI) (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.743; = 0.022). The presence of obesity was inversely associated with dairy consumption regardless of age, sex, and geographical region (OR 0.61; < 0.001). Milk consumption was not associated with diabetes. Our results show that consuming dairy products is associated with a better metabolic profile in the Spanish population.
目前尚不清楚乳制品在糖尿病、肥胖症和高血压等代谢性疾病中的作用。因此，本研究旨在检验乳制品消费与这些疾病之间的关联。这是一项横断面研究，共纳入了来自西班牙 100 个健康中心的 5081 名成年人，进行了关于饮食习惯的食物频率问卷，其中包括乳制品的消费情况。采用逻辑回归模型进行关联分析，控制混杂变量。女性的牛奶、奶酪或酸奶摄入量高于男性（<0.0001），但男性食用更多的含糖乳制品（<0.001）。居住在西班牙北部的人比居住在东部的人消费更多的乳制品。无论年龄、性别、地理位置和体重指数（BMI）如何，乳制品的消费与高血压的存在呈负相关（优势比（OR）0.743；<0.022）。无论年龄、性别和地理位置如何，肥胖的存在与乳制品的消费呈负相关（OR 0.61；<0.001）。牛奶的消费与糖尿病无关。我们的研究结果表明，在西班牙人群中，食用乳制品与更好的代谢特征有关。
