Crosson Bruce, Hampstead Benjamin M, Krishnamurthy Lisa C, Krishnamurthy Venkatagiri, McGregor Keith M, Nocera Joe R, Roberts Simone, Rodriguez Amy D, Tran Stella M
Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center.
Neuropsychology Section, Department of Mental Health Services, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare Systems.
Neuropsychology. 2017 Nov;31(8):900-920. doi: 10.1037/neu0000396. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
The last 25 years have seen profound changes in neurocognitive rehabilitation that continue to motivate its evolution. Although the concept of nervous system plasticity was discussed by William James (1890), the foundation for experience-based plasticity had not reached the critical empirical mass to seriously impact rehabilitation research until after 1992. The objective of this review is to describe how the emergence of neural plasticity has changed neurocognitive rehabilitation research.
The important developments included (a) introduction of a widely available tool that could measure brain plasticity (i.e., functional MRI); (b) development of new structural imaging techniques that could define limits of and opportunities for neural plasticity; (c) deployment of noninvasive brain stimulation to leverage neural plasticity for rehabilitation; (d) growth of a literature indicating that exercise has positively impacts neural plasticity, especially for older persons; and (e) enhancement of neural plasticity by creating interventions that generalize beyond the boundaries of treatment activities. Given the massive literature, each of these areas is developed by example.
The expanding influence of neural plasticity has provided new models and tools for neurocognitive rehabilitation in neural injuries and disorders, as well as methods for measuring neural plasticity and predicting its limits and opportunities. Early clinical trials have provided very encouraging results.
Now that neural plasticity has gained a firm foothold, it will continue to influence the evolution of neurocognitive rehabilitation research for the next 25 years and advance rehabilitation for neural injuries and disease. (PsycINFO Database Record
在过去25年里，神经认知康复领域发生了深刻变化，这些变化持续推动着该领域的发展。尽管威廉·詹姆斯在1890年就讨论过神经系统可塑性的概念，但基于经验的可塑性的基础直到1992年之后才积累到足以严重影响康复研究的关键实证数量。本综述的目的是描述神经可塑性的出现如何改变了神经认知康复研究。
重要进展包括：（a）引入了一种广泛可用的能够测量大脑可塑性的工具（即功能磁共振成像）；（b）开发了新的结构成像技术，能够界定神经可塑性的限度和机会；（c）采用非侵入性脑刺激来利用神经可塑性促进康复；（d）有文献表明运动对神经可塑性有积极影响，尤其是对老年人；（e）通过创建超越治疗活动边界的干预措施来增强神经可塑性。鉴于文献数量众多，每个领域都通过实例进行阐述。
神经可塑性影响力的不断扩大为神经损伤和疾病的神经认知康复提供了新的模型和工具，以及测量神经可塑性、预测其限度和机会的方法。早期临床试验取得了非常令人鼓舞的结果。
既然神经可塑性已经站稳脚跟，它将在未来25年继续影响神经认知康复研究的发展，并推动神经损伤和疾病的康复进展。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
