Schwing Raoul, Weber Stefan, Bugnyar Thomas
Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna.
Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna.
J Comp Psychol. 2017 Nov;131(4):269-276. doi: 10.1037/com0000086. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
The ability to forego an immediate reward in favor of a bigger or better one at a later point has been linked with advanced cognitive skills, such as impulse control and forward-planning, and can be assessed by the classic food exchange paradigm. While the ability to perform in such tasks has long been regarded as an exclusive trait of humans and some mammals, that is, primates and dogs, in recent years some bird species have been found to perform similarly as primates. Here we test 10 captive kea (), using a food exchange paradigm standardized in earlier experiments, but adding the use of a container to hold the initial item. The subjects reached waiting times of up to 160 s. They also showed significantly different results depending on the difference in the preference level for the presented food items, as well as clearly nonrandom waiting times, displaying forward-planning and economic evaluation of the situation at hand. As in most other species, results were markedly better when exchanging for quality as opposed to quantity. These results provide further evidence for temporal discounting in birds and fit in with the data gained on corvids and parrots in recent years. (PsycINFO Database Record
为了稍后获得更大或更好的奖励而放弃即时奖励的能力，与诸如冲动控制和前瞻性规划等高级认知技能相关联，并且可以通过经典的食物交换范式进行评估。虽然长期以来，执行此类任务的能力一直被视为人类和一些哺乳动物（即灵长类动物和狗）的独特特征，但近年来发现一些鸟类也能表现得与灵长类动物相似。在这里，我们使用早期实验中标准化的食物交换范式，但增加了一个容器来放置初始物品，对10只圈养的啄羊鹦鹉进行了测试。实验对象的等待时间长达160秒。根据所呈现食物项目的偏好程度差异，它们还表现出显著不同的结果，并且等待时间明显非随机，显示出对当前情况的前瞻性规划和经济评估。与大多数其他物种一样，当用质量而非数量进行交换时，结果明显更好。这些结果为鸟类的时间折扣提供了进一步的证据，并且与近年来在鸦科动物和鹦鹉身上获得的数据相符。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
