a Medical Oncology Branch , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.
b Genitourinary Malignancy Branch , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017 Nov 2;13(11):2561-2574. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1364322. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have gained significant popularity in recent years as new approaches for specific oncologic indications emerge. Three therapeutic cancer vaccines are FDA approved and one is currently approved by the EMA as monotherapy with modest treatment effects. Combining therapeutic cancer vaccines with other treatment modalities like radiotherapy (RT), hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and/or chemotherapy have been investigated as a means to enhance immune response and treatment efficacy. There is growing preclinical and clinical data that combination of checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines can induce immunogenic intensification with favorable outcomes. Additionally, novel methods for identifying targetable neoantigens hold promise for personalized vaccine development. In this article, we review the rationale for various therapeutic combinations, clinical trial experiences, and future directions. We also highlight the most promising developments that could lead to approval of novel therapeutic cancer vaccines.
近年来，随着针对特定肿瘤适应证的新方法的出现，治疗性癌症疫苗备受关注。三种治疗性癌症疫苗已获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准，一种目前已获得欧洲药品管理局（EMA）批准，可作为单药治疗，疗效适中。研究将治疗性癌症疫苗与放疗（RT）、激素治疗、免疫治疗和/或化疗等其他治疗方式联合应用，以增强免疫反应和治疗效果。越来越多的临床前和临床数据表明，检查点抑制剂和疫苗联合应用可以诱导免疫强化，从而带来有利的结果。此外，鉴定靶向新抗原的新方法有望为个性化疫苗的开发提供帮助。本文综述了各种治疗性联合治疗的原理、临床试验经验和未来方向。我们还强调了最有前途的进展，这些进展可能会导致新型治疗性癌症疫苗的批准。
