Foodomics Laboratory, Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL (UAM-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Foodomics Laboratory, Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL (UAM-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Food Res Int. 2017 Sep;99(Pt 3):1056-1065. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.04.022. Epub 2016 Apr 23.
Two novel extraction techniques, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MAE) have been evaluated for the recovery of bioactive compounds from Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Microalga P. tricornutum is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as EPA, and has a high content of the carotenoid fucoxanthin, which is a valuable pigment with several biological activities. Cells were disrupted at high pressure and then freeze-dried as a previous step to extraction. Additionally, only green solvents as water and ethanol (EtOH) - and mixtures of them - were used. For comparison purposes, the same response variables were considered in both processes: extraction yield (% w/w), total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu assay), total carotenoids and chlorophylls, and antioxidant activity (ABTS assay, expressed as TEAC value). Factorial experimental designs were employed for both PLE and MAE optimization, being %EtOH in water and temperature the common experimental factors. Extraction time was also a factor considered for optimization in MAE. A detailed chemical characterization of pigments was performed by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS (high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-mass spectrometry), being fucoxanthin the main compound extracted. Optimum extraction conditions were 50°C, 100% EtOH, 20min for PLE, while optimum conditions for MAE were 30°C, 100% EtOH and 2min. Both technologies extract fucoxanthin as a main compound but higher recoveries were achieved using PLE due to a higher extraction yield. In addition, both MAE and PLE extracts contained different lipid classes potentially enriched in EPA, given an added-value to the extracts.
两种新型提取技术，加压液体提取（PLE）和微波辅助溶剂提取（MAE）已被评估用于从三角褐指藻中回收生物活性化合物。微藻三角褐指藻富含多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs），如 EPA，并且含有高含量的类胡萝卜素岩藻黄质，这是一种具有多种生物活性的有价值的色素。细胞在高压下被破坏，然后作为提取的前一步骤冻干。此外，只使用绿色溶剂如水和乙醇（EtOH）-以及它们的混合物。为了比较目的，在这两种过程中考虑了相同的响应变量：提取产率（%w/w）、总酚含量（福林-希考尔特比色法测定）、总类胡萝卜素和叶绿素、以及抗氧化活性（ABTS 测定，以 TEAC 值表示）。对于 PLE 和 MAE 的优化，都采用了因子实验设计，水的%EtOH 和温度是共同的实验因素。提取时间也是 MAE 优化考虑的因素。通过高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器-质谱法（HPLC-DAD-MS/MS）对色素进行了详细的化学表征，发现岩藻黄质是主要提取的化合物。PLE 的最佳提取条件为 50°C，100%EtOH，20min，而 MAE 的最佳条件为 30°C，100%EtOH 和 2min。这两种技术都提取了岩藻黄质作为主要化合物，但由于提取产率较高，PLE 提取的回收率更高。此外，MAE 和 PLE 提取物都含有不同的脂质类，可能富含 EPA，为提取物增加了附加值。
