Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Semin Immunol. 2017 Apr;30:36-44. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.008. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
Food allergy is a pathological, potentially deadly cascade of immune responses to molecules or molecular fragments that are normally innocuous when encountered in foods, such as milk, egg, or peanut. As the incidence and prevalence of food allergy rise, the standard of care is poised to advance beyond food allergen avoidance coupled with injectable epinephrine treatment of allergen-induced systemic reactions. Recent studies provide evidence that oral immunotherapy may effectively redirect the atopic immune responses of food allergy patients as they ingest small but gradually increasing allergen doses over many months, eliciting safer immune responses to these antigens. Research into the molecular and cellular bases of pathological and therapeutic immune responses, and into the possibilities for their safe and effective modulation, is generating tremendous interest in basic and clinical immunology. We synthesize developments, innovations, and key challenges in our understanding of the immune mechanisms associated with atopy and oral immunotherapy for food allergy.
食物过敏是一种病理性的、潜在致命的免疫反应级联，它对通常在食物中遇到的分子或分子片段产生反应，例如牛奶、鸡蛋或花生。随着食物过敏的发病率和流行率上升，护理标准有望超越仅仅避免食物过敏原，并结合注射肾上腺素治疗过敏原引起的全身性反应。最近的研究提供了证据，表明口服免疫疗法可以有效地改变食物过敏患者的特应性免疫反应，因为他们在数月内摄入小剂量但逐渐增加的过敏原剂量，从而对这些抗原产生更安全的免疫反应。对病理性和治疗性免疫反应的分子和细胞基础以及对其安全有效调节的可能性的研究，正在激发基础和临床免疫学领域的巨大兴趣。我们综合了与特应性和食物过敏口服免疫疗法相关的免疫机制的发展、创新和关键挑战。
