Fornasiero Alessandro, Savoldelli Aldo, Fruet Damiano, Boccia Gennaro, Pellegrini Barbara, Schena Federico
a CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Center , University of Verona , Rovereto , Italy.
b Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences , University of Verona , Verona , Italy.
J Sports Sci. 2018 Jun;36(11):1287-1295. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1374707. Epub 2017 Sep 4.
The aims of the study were to describe the physiological profile of a 65-km (4000-m cumulative elevation gain) running mountain ultra-marathon (MUM) and to identify predictors of MUM performance. Twenty-three amateur trail-runners performed anthropometric evaluations and an uphill graded exercise test (GXT) for VO ventilatory thresholds (VTs), power outputs (PMax, PVTs) and heart rate response (HRmax, HR@VTs). Heart rate (HR) was monitored during the race and intensity was expressed as: Zone I (<VT1), Zone II (VT1-VT2), Zone III (>VT2) for exercise load calculation (training impulse, TRIMP). Mean race intensity was 77.1%±4.4% of HRmax distributed as: 85.7%±19.4% Zone I, 13.9%±18.6% Zone II, 0.4%±0.9% Zone III. Exercise load was 766±110 TRIMP units. Race time (11.8±1.6h) was negatively correlated with VO (r = -0.66, P <0.001) and PMax (r = -0.73, P <0.001), resulting these variables determinant in predicting MUM performance, whereas exercise thresholds did not improve performance prediction. Laboratory variables explained only 59% of race time variance, underlining the multi-factorial character of MUM performance. Our results support the idea that VT1 represents a boundary of tolerable intensity in this kind of events, where exercise load is extremely high. This information can be helpful in identifying optimal pacing strategies to complete such extremely demanding MUMs.
本研究的目的是描述一场65公里（累计海拔上升4000米）山地超级马拉松（MUM）的生理特征，并确定MUM成绩的预测因素。23名业余越野跑者进行了人体测量评估以及一项递增负荷运动试验（GXT），以测定通气阈值（VTs）、功率输出（PMax、PVTs）和心率反应（HRmax、HR@VTs）。比赛期间监测心率（HR），强度表示为：用于计算运动负荷（训练冲量，TRIMP）的I区（<VT1）、II区（VT1-VT2）、III区（>VT2）。平均比赛强度为HRmax的77.1%±4.4%，分布如下：I区85.7%±19.4%，II区13.9%±18.6%，III区0.4%±0.9%。运动负荷为766±110 TRIMP单位。比赛时间（11.8±1.6小时）与VO（r = -0.66，P <0.001）和PMax（r = -0.73，P <0.001）呈负相关，这两个变量是预测MUM成绩的决定因素，而运动阈值并未改善成绩预测。实验室变量仅解释了比赛时间方差的59%，突显了MUM成绩的多因素特征。我们的结果支持以下观点，即VT1代表了此类运动中可耐受强度的界限，此类运动的运动负荷极高。这些信息有助于确定最佳配速策略，以完成如此极具挑战性的MUM。
