Zhang Song, Yang Jieping, Henning Susanne M, Lee Rupo, Hsu Mark, Grojean Emma, Pisegna Rita, Ly Austin, Heber David, Li Zhaoping
Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, PR China.
Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Anaerobe. 2017 Dec;48:184-193. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.08.017. Epub 2017 Sep 14.
Growing evidence suggests that dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. Using dietary intervention to shape the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota is increasingly recognized. In the present study, we investigated the effects of polysaccharide inulin and polyphenol-rich pomegranate extract (PomX) alone or in combination on the cecal microbiota composition and function in a diet induced obesity mouse model. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups and consumed either high-fat/high-sucrose [HF/HS (32% energy from fat, 25% energy from sucrose, 17% energy from protein)] diet, HF/HS diet supplemented with PomX (0.25%), or inulin (9%) or PomX and inulin in combination for 4 weeks. In mice fed the PomX-diet the proportion of Turicibacteraceae and Ruminococcaceae was significantly increased compared to the control HF/HS diet. Supplementation with inulin alone and inulin + PomX combination significantly increased the proportion of Verrucomicrobiaceae (A. muciniphila) and decreased Clostridiaceae. Only mice fed the inulin diet experienced an increase in serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which was reversed when feeding the inulin + PomX diet. Feeding the inulin + PomX diet was associated with a significant increase in Bifidobacteriaceae and Rikenellaceae, which may have contributed to the reduction of endotoxemia markers. Inulin supplementation showed lower species richness of gut microbiota compared to mice fed with HF/HS or HF/HS/PomX, and the reduction was reversed by the addition of PomX. Inulin alone and in combination with PomX had distinct microbial clusters determined by both weighted and unweighted UniFrac Beta-Diversity principle coordinate analysis. A total of 19 KEGG biological pathways were significantly regulated in the gut microbiota with PomX and inulin alone or combined treatment. Inulin significantly enhanced KEGG infectious disease-related pathway associated with increase of serum LPS and MCP-1. No changes in gene expression of ileal proinflammatory cytokine and tight junction genes were observed in mice treated with PomX and inulin. Our results demonstrated that the gut microbiota and their biological pathways were differentially effected by dietary PomX and inulin fed combined or alone. It is therefore very important to consider the interaction among bioactive components of food when evaluating potential prebiotic effects.
越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群失调与多种人类疾病的发病机制有关。利用饮食干预来塑造肠道微生物群的组成和代谢越来越受到认可。在本研究中，我们调查了多糖菊粉和富含多酚的石榴提取物（PomX）单独或联合使用对饮食诱导肥胖小鼠模型盲肠微生物群组成和功能的影响。雄性C57BL/6小鼠被随机分为四个实验组，分别食用高脂肪/高蔗糖[HF/HS（32%能量来自脂肪，25%能量来自蔗糖，17%能量来自蛋白质）]饮食、添加PomX（0.25%）的HF/HS饮食、菊粉（9%）或PomX与菊粉联合饮食4周。与对照HF/HS饮食相比，食用PomX饮食的小鼠中Turicibacteraceae和Ruminococcaceae的比例显著增加。单独补充菊粉以及菊粉+PomX组合显著增加了疣微菌科（嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌）的比例，并降低了梭菌科的比例。只有食用菊粉饮食的小鼠血清脂多糖（LPS）和单核细胞趋化蛋白1（MCP-1）增加，而食用菊粉+PomX饮食时这种增加被逆转。食用菊粉+PomX饮食与双歧杆菌科和理研菌科的显著增加有关，这可能有助于降低内毒素血症标志物。与食用HF/HS或HF/HS/PomX的小鼠相比，补充菊粉的小鼠肠道微生物群的物种丰富度较低，而添加PomX可逆转这种降低。根据加权和非加权UniFracβ-多样性主坐标分析，单独的菊粉以及菊粉与PomX的组合具有不同的微生物簇。单独或联合使用PomX和菊粉处理后，肠道微生物群中共有19条KEGG生物途径受到显著调节。菊粉显著增强了与血清LPS和MCP-1增加相关的KEGG传染病相关途径。在用PomX和菊粉处理的小鼠中，未观察到回肠促炎细胞因子和紧密连接基因的基因表达变化。我们的结果表明，饮食中的PomX和菊粉单独或联合喂养对肠道微生物群及其生物途径有不同影响。因此，在评估潜在的益生元作用时，考虑食物生物活性成分之间的相互作用非常重要。
