Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Sep 19;114(38):10160-10165. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1703928114. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
Experiments have shown positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships in small plots with model communities established from species pools typically comprising few dozen species. Whether patterns found can be extrapolated to complex, nonexperimental, real-world landscapes that provide ecosystem services to humans remains unclear. Here, we combine species inventories from a large-scale network of 447 1-km plots with remotely sensed indices of primary productivity (years 2000-2015). We show that landscape-scale productivity and its temporal stability increase with the diversity of plants and other taxa. Effects of biodiversity indicators on productivity were comparable in size to effects of other important drivers related to climate, topography, and land cover. These effects occurred in plots that integrated different ecosystem types (i.e., metaecosystems) and were consistent over vast environmental and altitudinal gradients. The BEF relations we report are as strong or even exceed the ones found in small-scale experiments, despite different community assembly processes and a species pool comprising nearly 2,000 vascular plant species. Growing season length increased progressively over the observation period, and this shift was accelerated in more diverse plots, suggesting that a large species pool is important for adaption to climate change. Our study further implies that abiotic global-change drivers may mediate ecosystem functioning through biodiversity changes.
实验表明，在由数十个物种组成的物种库建立的模型群落的小斑块中，存在积极的生物多样性-生态系统功能（BEF）关系。在为人类提供生态系统服务的复杂、非实验性真实世界景观中，是否可以推断出发现的模式仍然不清楚。在这里，我们将来自 447 个 1 公里斑块的大规模网络的物种清单与主要生产力的遥感指数（2000-2015 年）相结合。我们表明，景观尺度的生产力及其时间稳定性随着植物和其他类群的多样性而增加。生物多样性指标对生产力的影响与与气候、地形和土地覆盖有关的其他重要驱动因素的影响相当。这些影响发生在整合了不同生态系统类型（即元生态系统）的斑块中，并且在广阔的环境和海拔梯度上是一致的。尽管群落组装过程不同，物种库包含近 2000 种维管植物，但我们报告的 BEF 关系与小型实验中发现的关系一样强，甚至更强。在观测期间，生长季节长度逐渐增加，而在更多样化的斑块中，这种变化加速了，这表明大的物种库对于适应气候变化很重要。我们的研究进一步表明，非生物全球变化驱动因素可能通过生物多样性变化来调节生态系统功能。
